Project Report on Vodafone - 1093 Words

Contents:- 1. I - The Introduction II - The Report: Vodafone. III - The Report: Vittorio Colao, CEO Of Vodafone. IV - Conclusion V - References Report Vodafone:- Introduction 2. Vodafone is a British multinational telecommunication Company. It is one of the oldest, largest and the most successful multinational telecommunication firm in Europe and second worldwide behind China Mobile. It is headquartered in London, United Kingdom and runs its operations in 21 different countries with registered 419.4 million subscribers as of December 2013. The brand Vodafone was established in 1982 and since then it also deals with Internet services, data software applications alongside with telecommunications. Currently Vodafone has over 90000 employees as per December 2013 and is current market value is 135.7 billion US Dollars. The Report 3. Vodafone being a multinational-cooperation implies a Chain Of Command organizational structure in which authority runs through the organizational hierarchy. 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Vodafone was the first UK mobile company in 1982 and is now standing at the maturity stage of its business life cycle as one of the worlds’ largest mobile companies, operating across 30 countries (Vodafone’s annual report, 2013). Based on Vodafone’s annual reports from 2009 until 2013, it clearly shows that Vodafone’sRead MoreComparative Analysis of Vodafone and Airtel Services in Pune Region5708 Words   |  23 PagesA PROJECT REPORT ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VODAFONE AND AIRTEL SERVICES IN PUNE REGION BY SHRIKANT HAWA SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY OF PUNE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHELORS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INDIRA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE SCIENCE PUNE (2005-2008) CERTIFICATE We hereby certify that Mr. Shrikant Hawa is a bonafide student of our institution passing out course of Bachelor of Business Administration from University of Pune for the year 2007-2008 with specialization in Marketing. The project

Global Warming Causes And Effects - 1517 Words

Global warming, often confused with the term â€Å"climate change,† is a problem of worldly proportions that knows no limits and if it continues unchecked, the effects felt around the planet could be devastating; everything from human society, to the environment, to the world economy would be altered in one way or another. The purpose of this research paper is to understand the topic of global warming, its causes and effects, in order to help understand better what actions we can take to slow down its progression and become part of the solution. Global warming, as it stands, poses a monumental threat to the planet and all of its occupants; while mega polluters do not have an incentive to stop greenhouse gas production, we can, as individuals†¦show more content†¦Methane, which comes from raising livestock (produced with food digestion and released when manure decays), landfills (released with trash breakdown), producing natural gas (made predominantly of methane and released in transport / through leaks in pipes), and coal mining (methane is found underground and released during mining). Nitrous oxide, which comes from farming practices (fertilizers), burning fossil fuels to produce electricity and heat buildings and some manufacturing processes. Fluorinated gases, which come from leaking coolants: refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners both in homes and vehicles. Though there has been some debate on the validity of global warming since greenhouse gases are found naturally in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations, there s a better than 90 percent probability that human-produced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have caused much of the observed increase in Earth s temperatures over the past 50 years and the effects are making worrisome appearances across the globe. Enter here The three main indicators of global warming are

Watching Television Has Adverse on Children and Should Be Restricted. Do You Accept This View Give Reason for or Against This Preposision free essay sample

Personally, our family has a television. We don’t think it’s evil. Together, we enjoy watching movies, quality TV shows, and occasionally the news. But it’s not on by default, and it’s definitely not our main method of entertainment. For the past three years living overseas, we haven’t received a TV signal, so our television set was reserved solely for watching DVDs. Now that we’re back in the U. S. , we get a minimal amount of channels (just your basic networks and public broadcasting), and it’s on about an hour per day, on average. This isn’t meant to sound holier-than-thou, as though anything less than that makes someone a bad parent. I’m simply saying that we’ve discovered that it’s honestly not that hard to not depend on television as though it’s the shrine of the living room. In the household where I grew up, TV was on by default, and I admittedly watched quite a bit (though I still somehow managed to read a ton and come out rather non-addicted to TV). Soon after I moved out of my parents’, I noticed how much I loved the sound of†¦ nothing. That the blare of television didn’t have to constantly be on. I knew I wanted that as the default in my own home. My husband and I are content with the balance we’ve found in our family; that we use the TV as a tool in our home for both entertainment and education, but it’s not an idol or an addiction. Yet we know it can easily fall prey to the role of major time-sucker and energy waster. It’s important to remind ourselves continually why it’s a great idea to not always watch TV. And that there are plenty of other things to do. Here are my favorite reasons. 1. Watching TV correlates with poor health, weight gain, and low energy levels. Photo by Caryn Werner It’s no secret — being a couch potato contributes to a lot of our current culture’s weight gain and poor health. I was surprised by some of the statistics I unearthed when I did research on this for my upcoming book. According to the U. S. Center for Disease Control: â€Å"One-fourth of children in America spend four hours or more watching television daily and only 27 percent of students in grades 9 through 12 engage in moderate physical activity at least 30 minutes a day on five or more days of the week. Childhood obesity is a major problem; we all know this. One of the biggest links is the increase in screen time — according to Norman Herr, professor of science education at California State University,the average child in America watches 1,680 minutes of television per week. That’s four hours per day. The health risks are the same for adults and for those outside the U. S. If we want to maintain a healthy weight, keep our ne eded energy levels up, and generally take care of our bodies, we must keep the TV set off by default. 2. Mindless TV-watching allows all sorts of images and values I don’t necessarily endorse into my home. Those children that watch 28 hours of TV weekly? They’ll see an average of 8. 000 murders by the time they finish elementary school. They’ll also see about 20,000 30-second commercials each year. There are so many other things I want filling my children’s minds than our culture’s obsession withthings and with graphically shocking images. I’d rather them savor real life. Leaving the TV on means having very little control of what information is infiltrated into your four walls. If you wouldn’t want those images decorating your walls, or if you wouldn’t want that particular act done on your floor, then why display it on a screen for you to watch? 3. Keeping TV watching down to a minimal level means that when it’s on, it’s quality. Photo from Ocean’s 12 This brings me to the topic of purposeful television watching. When you don’t have it on by default, watching TV is somuch more enjoyable. You’re being entertained or educated by something you’re allowing into your home, that passes your inspection. Watching TV as a whole family four hours per week, instead of 28, means that those four hours are much more meaningful. Our kids love â€Å"family movie night,† where once per week we select one movie to sit down and watch together, without doing anything else. We dim the lights, pop popcorn, and snuggle together on the couch. If we’re relaxing in front of the TV any other time, it’s to watch one or two shows we’re deliberately watching because that’s why we turned the TV on in the first place. When the show ends, the television gets turned off. 4. It’s more peaceful, relaxing, and less stressful when the TV is off by default. TV is loud. Commercials scream at you to buy their (usually) pointless products, cacophony from around the world tells you what you’ve missed in the last ten minutes, and images spin and whir and whiz by you faster than your brain can digest them. When television is on all the time, you miss out on living slowly. You don’t hear the birds quite as well. It’s harder to have a conversation. In short, it’s a poor replacement for real life — and real life is much more peaceful without media on in the background by default. . There are simply other fun things to do. Photo by Robert S. Donovan This is probably my strongest reason for not wanting TV on all the time. I have too many things I’d rather do! Any time I’m watching something on television, I’m deliberately choosing to do that instead of something else. I love to sew, to read, to decorate, to play with my kids. My kids love to explore and wander outside, to help me cook, to play with their friends. Why would I trade watching someone else’s (fake) life for living out my own? More often than not, there truly are more things I’d rather do than watch TV. Once you get out of the habit of constantly having it on,it’s honestly not that enticing anymore. It’s just one more option in the myriad of choices out there to do. And there are plenty, believe me. If your kids complain of being bored, that’s okay. It’s a good thing to be bored — it stretches their imagination; it forces them to think outside the box; it pushes them to do things they don’t normally do. I encourage you—try to keep your television set turned off for a week, and do something else. I know you’ve got a whole list of things you want to do when you have the time. You can do it!

The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Paper The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeares play  The Tragedy of  Romeo and Juliet,  two main characters from very different familys meet and fall in love at first sight; their names were Romeo and Juliet. After Romeo is banned from Verona by prince Escalus, Juliet tries to fake her death so she can be snuck out of Verona to be with Romeo. When Romeo finds Juliet asleep without knowledge of her plan he assumes she is dead and ends up killing himself by consuming a deadly potion. When Juliet wakes up to find Romeo dead, she stabs herself with Romeos dagger. Friar Laurence is most responsible for this tragedy of Romeo and Juliets death because he said â€Å"In one respect I’ll thy assistant be; For this alliance may so happy prove, to turn your house holds rancor to pure love. † (Shakespeare Act 2, Scene 3, Line 90-92). The Friar mentioned that the reason he would marry them is because it might put an end to the hostilities between the two families. With this decision he did not think about the best for Romeo or the bad things that could come from decision. To avoid marrying Paris, a young nobleman related to the prince that the Capulets arranged for Juliet to marry, Friar Lawrence asks Juliet drink a potion so that she might fake her own death. â€Å"Take thou this vial, being then in bed and this distilled liquor drink though off;† (Shakespeare Act 4, Scene 1, Lines 92-93). The Friar made a very poor decision by going behind the Capulets back to let Juliet be with a boy she hardly knew. The right way would have been to ask Lord Capulet about Romeo and hope he understood. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Juliet awakens to find Paris and her Romeo dead beside her with a cup of poison in his hand, she goes to the comforting Friar. Instead of thinking about her or Romeo the Friar gets frightened and runs out. â€Å"Stay not to question, for the watch is coming. Come, go, good juliet. I dare no longer stay. † (Shakespeare Act 4, Scene 1, line 92-93). If The Friar would have stayed with Juliet he could have helped her get through this loss, and possibly make a different outcome of the situation. When he leaves her all alone, she stabs herself with Romeos dagger. If the Friar would have thought about Romeo and Juliets marriage before he married them he could have told them to think about their relationship. The Friar could have also told the Capulets about their kids plans like a responsible parent, so that they wouldnt have to go through with this risky plan to get Juliet to Romeo so they could secretly be together. Friar Lawrence demonstrates the he is a person of good intentions, yet it was the shortsightedness of his actions that in part led to the deaths of the two lead characters.

Einstein essays

Einstein essays Einsteins theories all came about from his curiosity as a child, he could not imagine what sitting on a beam of light would be like, and so he continued to imagine different possibilities until he came up with one that stuck true. His perseverance to find knowledge allowed the world to understand the universe better. And his theories about time travel have sparked many writers creativity. Another theory, led to the decimation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Picasso at the Lapin Agile is based on the idea of Einstein and Picasso meeting and debating their ideas. Then Elvis comes into the scene through time travel and reflects on the effects that the two had on the century. Although Einsteins ideas were amazing and great they led to the terrible invention of the atom bomb. Even today, we feel this regret as we enforce non-proliferation. Einstein himself was very interested in politics in Why Socialism? he wrote: Is it advisable for one who is not an expert on economic and social issues to express views on the subject of socialism? I believe for a number of reasons that it is.... we should be on our guard not to overestimate science and scientific methods when it is a question of human problems; and we should not assume that experts are the only ones who have a right to express themselves on questions affecting the organization of society (monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm) He had previously had a discussion with Freud on War when it was suggested by the League of Nations. Most of his political ideas are very idealistic as in accordance with the opinion of the day: human beings are not condemned, because of their biological constitution, to annihilate each other or to be at the mercy of a cruel, self-inflicted fate. As in Steve Martins play, Germaine comments in her prediction that: Cruelty will be perfected. This is in no doubt a reference to atom bo...

technoscience essays

technoscience essays The world is changing rapidly. A single technological development can lead to an infinite number of consequential developments, each of which having varying impacts on humanity. These impacts, or indicators, display the results of technological development. Climactic, economic, social, and energy related indicators are important in showing humanity's use of technoscience, and demonstrate that certain political and economic changes are needed so that technoscientists can use their knowledge to benefit the great majority of humanity. Climactic indicators are excellent examples of humanity's misuse of technoscience. One such indicator is global temperature. It displays the results of the burning of fossil fuels and the release of nitrous oxides into the atmosphere. Production of coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power each expanded by 1 percent in 1995 (Brown, 16). Globally, the ten warmest years out of the last 130 have all occurred in the eighties and nineties (Brown, 15). These figures demonstrate that humanity is not effectively controlling and limiting its use of fossil fuels. As a result, acid rain falls upon the earth destroying what is left of the planet's forests and, an estimated 37 percent of the fish species that inhabit thelakes and streams of North America are either in jeopardy or extinct. A second indicator that displays humanity's misuse of technoscience is the global economy. Global economic statistics show the results of the applications of technoscience. In 1995, the global economy grew by an estimated 3.7 percent the largest gain since the 4.6 percent growth in 1980 (Brown, 74). The use of technoscientific developments in various fields raised the global output of goods and services. Although this was an impressive expansion promoting employment and development, it also increased the unsustainable demands on the earth's natural systems and resources, such as the planet's forests. Applications of tec...

The Use of Animals in the Experiments Research Paper

The Use of Animals in the Experiments - Research Paper Example The increase in experiments with the use of animals resulted in an increase in the vivisection of the animals. This resulted into increase in controversies due to the increased surgery and dissection of the part of organisms in the body of the animals. One of the proponents of Galenic physiology, Edmund O’Meara was one of the opponents of the use of animals in scientific and chemical experiments. He argued that the severe harm and physiological pain caused to the non-human animals as a result of the dissections conducted during the experiments cause a physiological imbalance to the animals which go unnoticed. The animals subject to experiments are kept awake for a continuous period which is unjustified and unlawful (Gluck, Pasquale and Orlando 140). The unbearable pain borne out by the animals during the process of experiments always stay behind the awareness of the scientists and the researchers. The agonizingly painful processes that are faced by the non-human animals have l ed the opponents of the view to suggest a ban on the use of animals in experimental procedures. The experiments on the response of brains to the electrical impulses and shocks put the animals under the treatment of electrode bars. The varying electrical impulses are passed on the body of the animals based on the inquisitiveness of the researchers. The animals are finally captivated to death in order to analyze the impact of the experimental procedures on the various parts of the body of the non-human animals (Monamy 74). Almost 300 million animals are forced to die in the scientific and chemical laboratories where the experiments are performed.

A paper on the best practice for information systems consultancy Essay

A paper on the best practice for information systems consultancy projects - Essay Example In accordance with the above, consultants need to have the ability to understand the current needs of the firm and propose the most appropriate solution taking into account the current trends of the market and the ability of the firm to follow the project proposed regarding a specific issue. Current paper will discuss the intervention of consultancy in the area of information technology. At the same time particular aspects of consultancy are going to be examined taking into account that firms tend to differentiate their behaviour within a specific market in order to keep their performance at a standard level – wherever such a strategy is applicable. As already stated above one of the most important elements of consultancy is knowledge. This knowledge refers not only to the knowledge of consultant regarding a particular problem of the firm but mainly to the knowledge available to the company on a constantly basis. Indeed, the study of Bollinger et al. (2001, 8) showed that ‘knowledge is a resource valuable to an organizations ability to innovate and compete’. On the other hand, it is noticed by Anand et al. (2003, 15) that ‘the knowledge possessed by an organization and its members can be classified as explicit or tacit; explicit knowledge can be codified and communicated without much difficulty while tacit knowledge--such as the manner of operating sensitive equipment or interpersonal skills--is not so easily articulated’. Consultants should be able to process effectively all types of knowledge ensuring the viability of the firm in the long term. Consultancy was precisely described by Wood (2002). In his book, he stated that consultancy can refer to the following activities: 1 Management and administration: including management consultancy, legal, accounting, financial strategy and fiscal advice, mergers, and takeovers and

eligion In United States Public Schools Essay Example for Free

eligion In United States Public Schools Essay The answer of the question is that students should be allowed to express any religion in United States Public Schools. I based my answer on the fundamental principles of the state with respect to the right to practice religion as well as my personal opinion. Therefore, I would like to submit that students in the United States should be allowed to practice any religion based on the separation of the church and state principle coined by the First Amendment of the Constitution. Other relevant instances and facts will also be used to explain this proposal like opposition of students of the mandatory prayer in school as well as the personal choice to express one’s religion through prayer. One reason that the students must be allowed to practice their own religion in schools is that it was the intention of the state that there will be a separation between the church and the state. All About History mentioned that the separation of the church and the state has been considered as part ad parcel of the legitimate, historical and political structure of the government and protects our freedom to practice religion (â€Å"Separation of Church and State†). In addition, it was also opined by Tripod that the separation of the church and state is considered a metaphor that well-known all over the world (â€Å"The Constitutional Principle: Separation of Church and State†). This is stated this way because there is really no exact provision of the Constitution that mentioned separation of the church and the state. The idea was impliedly yet strongly mentioned in the Bill of Rights in order to ensure that freedom of religion can be served to the people. The phrase existed because of Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Danbury Baptists that they should not worry because an imaginary wall between the church and the state will be established (â€Å"The Constitutional Principle: Separation of Church and State†). Second argument, the First Amendment of the Constitution clearly mentioned the basic ideals of the state concerning the freedom of religious practice. Volkomer (2001) wrote that, and I quote: â€Å"The First Amendment provides that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (425). It is then regarded by the government as a very important right since it was stated in the First Amendment of the Constitution. There is a clear prohibition that the legislature should not enact laws that favors any sectarian groups such that freedom of religion is thereby settled as a rule. If this rule will not be implemented, the very essence of liberty could not be exercised by the people. Imagine how scary on the part of the government to participate in matters those talks about religion when its very goal is to govern the people and not to make them godly. Besides, any governmental intervention on matters of religion would create chaos since we have different religious sects in the society. Political power may be seized by means of religion and everybody will use the name of God. Every religious sect will do everything in its power to influence policy-making in order to serve its interests to the disadvantage of the general welfare. Hence, students should be allowed in school to express their own way of worship and religious homage. Another argument to support the answer that students should be allowed to practice nay religion in public schools is that schools were not built to teach religious doctrines but to teach academic knowledge. It may be true that public schools are under the direction of the government yet the latter has no reason to direct it with regards to the incorporation of religious favor in schools. The mandatory school prayers made or required in some schools raked opposing views by students in public schools. The existence of public schools rests on education and not to basically proselyte. Kids in public schools are enslaved spectators. They are required to perform religious duties that they are not supposed to do either because they belong to other faith and or they have the right to practice their own beliefs. Therefore, the requirement that prayer should become an official element of the school day is improper and insidious (â€Å"Separation of Church and State†). In addition, religion must be treated as a private matter. It should be trifled upon by students in schools. Students in public schools must be given a chance to at least pray on their own decision and not because they were asked to do so. What is the purpose of faith when they should be forced to pray against their beliefs? There is none for that matter. The scheme that religious requirements in public schools be given would result to divisive attitudes of the students. It would create and build walls between students thereby giving them the opportunity to oppress the minority in terms of religious groups. It would disrupt the learning processes of the students in public schools. It must not be disregarded that public schools in America is for all students and not only for a particular group of students. It would be unfair if there were groups of religious believers who are given favorable situations on account of religious domination.

Cost of College Controversy Essay -- higher Education, college

One of the major pieces to becoming a successful business man/woman is receiving a college education. A college degree is viewed as a necessity and is slowly becoming an unreachable goal for some people. Most believe that the cost of college has been rising and continues to rise, and that the rate of increase is outpacing that of other costs (NAICU). As the cost of college rises, families have to change their way of life to be fortunate enough to send their children to college. Along with changing how families’ live, many other problems are produced in various ways. The cost of college should be lowered because it imposes a burden on parents and their children, causes some students to alter their choice of which college to attend, and prevents some students from even going to college. When the time comes to talk about college, a large number of questions arise. Although many come forward, the first question is if college is even affordable. The main problem families’ face is the difficulty to pay for college, especially with the current economy’s condition. Patrick Callan, president of the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, states â€Å"Given the financial hardship of the country, it’s simply astonishing that colleges and universities would have this kind of increases† (Lewin). What if a young adult has a dream to attend a certain university in a different state? Residency regulations cause the cost of out-of-state schools to raise tuition to almost three times the cost of in-state; however, this alters many students’ decisions on where to attend college. While personally experiencing this problem, I was forced to go to an in-state school instead of following my dream and attending Auburn University. ... ... will benefit everyone by providing more opportunities for everyone to learn as much as possible, and in the end, improving our country. Works Cited "College Costs - Average College Tuition Cost." College Admissions - SAT - University & College Search Tool. The College Board. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. Lewin, Tamar. "College Costs Keep Rising." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 20 Oct. 2009. Web. 17 Feb. 2011. Losco, Joseph, and Brian L. Fife. Higher Education in Transition. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 2000. 51. Print. Middaugh, Michael F. Analyzing Costs in Higher Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2000. 10. Print. "NAICU - Demystifying College Costs: What Consumers Want to Know." Demystifying College Costs What Consumers Want to Know. NAICU - National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, Aug. 2008. Web. 23 Mar. 2011.

Implementation of no plastic policy Essay

The researcher has chosen the topic â€Å"The Implementation of Plastic Bag Ban in Some Municipalities in the Philippines† because it is related to her chosen program, Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering. As a Chemical Engineering student, she must study the chemical processes and even changes that are taking place in the environment. This topic is related in a way that the environment and the manufacturing of plastics are concerned. As seen in the Television News and articles in the newspapers, floods caused by super typhoons have really killed thousands of people. Climate change is the primary cause of this dilemma but this was aggravated by the problems of indisposed garbage that are seen everywhere. Environmentalists are blaming the uncontrollable use of plastics and with that, several local government units implemented the plastic bag ban in their municipalities. In other words, banning plastics is their last solution to this problem. Many disagree with its implementation especially the Plastic Manufacturing Companies and its unions because of their own concerns. Nevertheless, they were not able to stop the banning; instead more municipalities are encouraged to do the said banning. In this research paper, she wants to prove that banning plastics is an effective solution to the destruction of the environment. She believes that the existing laws on waste management are not enough to solve the problem that’s why the banning of plastics is implemented. She feels that she would have benefits and advantages for the research study because this will add more knowledge and information that is helpful in preparation for her future career. She also feels that this research study can answer the present problems of the society. Review of Related Literature The article â€Å"Campaign vs garbage pushed† stated that piles of trash can be found everywhere-plastics, discarded and rotten fruits and vegetables fruit peelings, candy wrappers, and the like. Moreover, the Ecowaste Coalition which is a waste and pollution watchdog observed the environmental problems there. It’s also stated that Manny Calonzo, president of Ecowaste Coalition, said that they find plastic bags galore in Divisoria and the piles of mostly plastic rubbish along Recto Avenue and adjacent streets very disturbing. He added that assistance can be offered by conducting community service in the place. The spirit of volunteerism is important in doing this. (2011) Ma. Ceres P. Doyo reported in her article â€Å"Major major: Death by Plastic† that environmental, health and justice advocates trooped to the Senate to press the lawmakers to pass a law to control the reckless use and disposal of plastic bags and to â€Å"tame the plastic monster†. The event coincided with the joint hearing called by the senate committee on trade and commerce, chaired by Sen. Manny Villar, and the committee on environmental and natural resources, chaired by Sen. Juan Miguel Zubiri, to discuss bills filed by Sen. Loren Legarda, Miriam Defensor-Santiago and Villar on plastic bags. Legarda’s SB 1368 is â€Å"an act providing for a proactive approach in recycling plastic bags in stores and other retail outlets.† SB 1543 is â€Å"an act regulating the use of plastic grocery bags.† Villar’s SB 1103 is â€Å"an act promoting sound waste management by requiring all department stores, malls and commercial establishments to utilize reusable environment-friendly shopping bags and provide them free of charge to customers and patron, and for other purposes.† (2010) Statement of the problem The researcher attempts to answer the following questions in the research study: 1. What are plastics? 2. What is the purpose of implementing the Plastic Bag Ban in some municipalities in the Philippines? 3. What are the rules contained in this policy? 4. How did the Filipinos respond to the banning of plastics? 5. What are its effects? 6. What are the conclusive findings the researcher gathered in the study? Thesis Statement The â€Å"Plastic Bag Ban† is an effective solution to the destruction of our environment. The researcher believes that this policy implemented by several Local Government Units (LGUs) provides the following benefits: 1. It can solve the problem on uncontrollable increase of plastic wastes in the esteros, drainages, bodies of water, and landfills. 2. This policy could promote alternative packaging like woven bags (bayong). 3. People will be more disciplined.

Macro Environment External Forces that Affect Bakery Industry Essay

Executive summary Paris Baguette is a French inspired Korean bakery, which started in 1945, and it started off as a small bakery. Paris Baguette is now a highly competitive bakery that has 32 stores worldwide and 4 stores in Singapore. This report is to advice Paris Baguette on matters that are associated with effective marketing for its product, place, promotion and price. This report will talk about things like, what Marco-environment that will affect the bakery  industry as well as what microenvironment that will affect our organization. This report will also be explain what product positioning and perceptual mapping is and with the aid of perceptual mapping it will illustrate the product positioning of Paris Baguette against their competitors. The recommendation for the report is to advertise Paris Baguette on television or the newspaper to increase brand awareness. In addition, to open more branches in Singapore, as four stores is nothing compared to their competitors like Bread Talk. Background Paris Baguette has started in 1945, called as ‘Sang-mi-dang’ in Woongjin, Korea. They had moved Sang-mi-dang to Seoul in 1948. The president of the company, Chang Sung Hur had changed the name of the company as ‘Sam Lip General Food Company in 1968 and entered the franchise market as a general food company. In 1997, they have decided to have product brand called ‘Shany Cake’ hence, the Sam lip and Shany cake shown great impact in the bread industry. In order to strengthen their business, they realized they need bakery brand so they established Paris Croissant in 1986 and they called it as ‘Paris Baguette’, which is a luxury French bakery brand. They have made first store at Gwanghwamun(Korea), one of the place that a lot of people in Korea. They had good success, kept expanding the stores, and had 100 stores in Korea in 1992. They did 1st place in bakery industry in 1997, and they maintained the 1st place all the way. In 2004, they decided to expand the stores overseas and opened first store in Shanghai. As a result, they have around 3,200 stores in Korea alone. Macro Environment external forces that affect bakery industry 2.1Demographic environment The term ‘demography’ refers to the study of human population on the basis of gender, age, race, income level, density, education, family size, occupation, etc. According to the data reports that released by Singapore government, the population of female residents is nearly equal to males. The main target customers of bakery industry are consider as females because they are most likely to have a sweet tooth. It means that there is still some room for improvement to attract potential customers, such as males.  Besides, an aging population and declining birth rate also has impact on bakery industry. The range in age from 5 to 35 is considered as main target customers in bakery industry. With the increase of elderly and decrease of children, consumers of bakery industry will be gradually decrease. In order to attract more potential customers, bakery companies may launch new products that suitable for males and elders, such as salty bread with meat or soft bread, which can be easily chew. 2.2Political Environment As a country, which has been crown the most business-friendly economy all over the world for the previous 7 years, no one will doubt that Singapore government encourage the development of company. Policy support helps with company operation, such as decrease the business income tax- it will increase the profit of company. Singapore government increase the wages tax in order to help poor people, thus, more customers will be able to afford bread. In addition, policies of childbirth encouragement and immigration also help to increase the numbers of consumers. Children are attract by lovely look and sweet taste of desserts, Europeans and Americans prefer bread instead of rice, and they should be regulars of bakeries. However, these policies also benefit other companies in bakery industry, and it will result in increasing of competitions. In order to hold the market share, the company may reduce the price of bread or launch more variety of bread. 2.3Economic Environment Economic factors are consists of inflations, taxation, interest rate, currency exchanges rate, depression, etc. Those factors will influence the purchasing power and spending patterns of customers. If the interest rate increased, people would like to save their money in bank instead of spending them. That will result in decrease of buying power, thus, the profit of company will reduced also. Inflation also causes decrease of buying power. Inflation puts a lot of pressure on people, and they will decrease daily expenses, it may influence the bakery industry. Micro Environment forces that affect Paris Baguette 2.4Competitors In Singapore, Break Talk considered as a competitor of Paris Baguette because both of these two brands are consists of bakery and cafà ©. In comparison, Bread Talk is more famous and familiar than Paris Baguette because it is the local brand and it is plenty of branches. There are only four outlets of Paris Baguette, but more than 25 branches of Bread Talk in Singapore. The advantages of Paris Baguette are ‘delicacy’ and variety of products. Delicate appearances of decorate and products attract many customers. The advantages of Bread Talk are it’s lower price and promotions. To compare these two brands, Paris Baguette is more suitable for yuppies, but Bread Talk is suitable for ordinary family. 2.5Customers The customers positioning of Paris Baguette: children, couples and 15 to 35-year-old females. Products of Paris Baguette are more expensive than other general bakery brands, thus, consumers of Paris Baguette should be well pay. Customers prefer cafà © of Paris Baguette, so they frequented braches in the afternoon, especially during the weekends. Macro environment forces that affect Paris Baguette Two of the Macro environment, which have affect Paris Baguette are the Economic environment and social-cultural environment. The economic environment affected the Paris Baguette franchises, which the production costs increased due to the price of the oil and the grain increased. All the franchises have to pay more in order to purchase the ingredients. Besides, Paris Baguette in the American and China markets have faced some uncertain economic failure. This has cause quite a big impact to Paris Baguette. â€Å"A weak currency is the sign of a weak economy, and a weak economy leads to a weak nation.† (Perot, N.D). In addition, the social-cultural environment, which affect Paris Baguette have to know the different cultural food taste of the chosen country, which mean they have to find out what type of products can increase the interest and Paris Baguette have to cooperate with it by creating the product the people like. Besides, for the aging people and woman will give more attention to their own health and they prefer more on organic food. In order to aim a bigger market, Paris Baguette has to produce more organic and healthy products due to the healthy diet flow. Product Positioning. Product positioning is one of marketing techniques that promote products in the best way to target audiences. The most important thing is to buy the product. It is quite similar with market segmentation as the product positioning is made of creating the message and involves the symbol and manipulation, which conclude display and packaging. In Paris baguette, they used 5methods for the product positioning. They are ‘threat of new entrants (too much capital is not required for joining the bakery franchise market)’, ‘bargaining power of suppliers (the raw material is important for them in bakery industry and the materials like rice and flour)’, ‘threat of substitute products (many other substitute products are exist such as flour based food, instant food, etc. For example, Starbucks is one of cafà © that makes high profit with substitute products)’, ‘bargaining power of customers (They don’t have difficulty to switch purchasing outlets because of standardized bakery products)’ and ‘competitive rivalry within an industry (there is intense competition in the market among other brands because of saturation. There does not have many firms within industry but big brands like Tour les Jour exist. There also have high exit barriers and hard to differentiate the strategic for each firm.)’. Perceptual mapping From the picture above, we can see that Paris Baguettes (PB) and Baker & Cook (B&C) has the high price and high quality compared to Sunshine Bakery (SB). It is because PB and B&C uses very good quality and high cost for the ingredients compared to SB. B&C is selling products slightly higher than PB is because of the company’s regulation. Paris Baguette use the product positioning strategy, which is ‘positioning by price/quality’. This is because they want to make sure their customer satisfy with their products and can consume their product is in high quality in other words mean the taste of the bread, the freshness and the crispiness of the bread. However, in order to produce a high quality product, they have to use high quality raw materials to produce their products such as the flour, butter, grain and other, which mean their products are in high quality and the price is slightly higher. â€Å"The quality of a leader is reflected in the standards they set for themselves.† (Kroc, 1984) Marketing research The primary marketing research technique that I would recommend Paris Baguette to use for collecting information related to customer satisfaction is the survey method. The survey method is by far the most popular of all the research method. Survey method is a list of questions that ask individuals about their preferences, attitudes towards our product and buying behaviours. We would need to create the questionnaire that will record the data. Example of the survey question will be: What is the first thing that comes into your mind when you think of Paris baguette? Do you enjoy our selection of bread? Which one of our product do you like best? How can we improve on our product? Are our prices reasonable? Are our staffs friendly? Is our branch location convenient for you? What new product would you like to try? What is your age group? Others- These questions will help Paris Baguette improve on their product and find out what their customers thinks about the organization and what new products they would like to see from Paris baguette. One finding that I have found from the marketing research is that our shops location is inconvenient for people that are rushing. In addition, we open only at 10a.m, which is after the morning peak hour. Paris Baguette can make our stores more convenient for the working class by putting them near the MRT stations and opening our stores before the morning peak hour. By opening our stores during peak hour we can attract people who have not ate their breakfast as they are rushing for work, and by putting our stores near an MRT. It would make it much more convenient for people to come to our stores to buy our product especially those who are rushing. Marketing Mix Strategies of Paris Baguette Marketing mix consists on the 4Ps, which are product, price, promotion and place. We are going to analyse the marketing mix the Paris Baguette bakery. In first place, we can see that the Paris Baguette is a bakery with a high variety of products. The Paris Baguette supplies fresh bakery products in over 3000 locations worldwide. Their products are different for each country depending on the culture and the people of each country. They do not have the same products In United States and In Singapore, for example. This is because people from different countries have different preferences of taste. However, there are some common products in all their branches. For example, the most common products are the types of bread, the pastries and pie, the cakes, desserts and sandwiches and beverages. They also sell other type of products like cups of tea. Talking about the price, the price in the Paris Baguette is equal to the quality of the product and the cost of purchase. The Paris Baguette keeps affordable prices in order to be accessible for more people to attract more customers. Of course they have to analyse the competitors prices and offers before adjust the final price of their products. Also determining the demand of each product and the estimating costs. If a product has a high demand, the cost would increase. For example, a piece of cake would cost around $3.95. Talking about the promotion, the Paris Baguette is a bakery with lots of promotions. They use two different ways of promotion to attract people. The first way is to do advertisements about their products with nice pictures and an apparently family friendly place. The second way is doing sales promotion. For example, buy one dessert and get the second one free, or doing breakfast offers like a cup of coffee and a sandwich for $3.50. They use this two ways for promotion. Finally, the place. The Paris Baguette focuses always in getting branches in the centre of the cities. They are not interested in getting branches in small towns or places with not too much people. This is because they want a high average of people per day and this can achieved just in the centre of the cities and specific places. For example, in Singapore they have a big branch in Orchard, which is the main road in Singapore. Marketing Mix In my opinion, there are a few points that Paris Baguette could implement in  the future. This can be focus on the promotion events. In my opinion, the Paris Baguette could implement quite a lot their customers by doing some cake and bread events. Paris Baguette can attract more customers, while promoting their products. This could be done by doing some events each year rent a place in a shopping mall and set up a stage in a large crowd places . Meanwhile, while promoting their products, Paris Baguette can give out their new products with free of charge . This would be an improvement for their fame. This because as long as it is free, when people try their bakery products and it taste good, people will buy the products. These events will attract people from everywhere, which mean Paris Baguette will have more customers buying their products and it will increase their profit. â€Å"Profit in business comes from repeat customers, customers that boast about your project or service, and that bring friends with them.† (Edwards, 1993) Recommendation In Singapore, Bread Talk’s fame surpasses Paris Baguette. Thus, Paris Baguette may advertise on TV or newspaper in order to increases brand awareness. Besides, they also need to expand more branches all around Singapore in every single shopping malls to increase competitive. This is because are only four branches of Paris Baguette, which is far less than numbers of branches of Bread Talk and other bakery companies. Conclusion ‘Sang mi dang’ was a small bakery which began in 1945. After some improvement, Paris Baguette have been start up and their business expand with a rapid speed. Paris Baguette is a mature domestic franchise bakery with a high percentage of share terms and their shops have already franchised to worldwide. Paris Baguette have maintained their high position for a period. This is because they have did their Micro and Macro environmental factors, which will affect their business, and they try to overcome it. Besides, Paris Baguette also did investigation of its competitors, in order to know more about its competitors. After the investigation have done, they try to compare it to their own companies by using a perceptual mapping concept, which can help them to know their own range with its competitors. Moreover, to know how to gain more customers, Paris baguette choose a survey method by asking the random passers and to  know more about, which bakery products do they prefer or like. In addition, Paris baguette known as a bakery which more on product and price, which mean they sell high quality products. Therefore, they will choose a high quality of raw ingredients to produce their products and set up a higher price but reasonable. Nevertheless, Paris Baguette also choose more crowded area to set up their shop to let more people notice their shop and buy their products. Besides, in order to attract customer, Paris Baguette also did some promotions for theirs products such as the special of the day for the products. References Barney, J.B (1995). â€Å"Looking inside for competitive advantage,† Academy of Management Executive, 9(4), 49-61 Cafehopping. (2012-2014). Paris Baguette. Available: http://cafehopping.sg/review-post/paris-baguette-cafe-singapore/. Last accessed 3rd April 2014. Demographics of Singapore. [ONLINE] Available from: [Accessed 20 March 2014] Henry, A (2008), Understanding Strategic Management (1st ed.), Oxford : OUP. Jaeseok Jeong, et. al. (2013). Sucess Factor of Paris Baguette’s Bakery Frachise Business : Industry Competition and Core Competence Analysis. ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL. 15 (2), p1-27. James Manktelow. (1996-2014). The Marketing Mix and 4 Ps. Available: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_94.htm. Last accessed 3rd April 2014. Political Environment. [ONLINE] Available from: [Accessed 27 March 2014] Ray Kroc. (1902-1984). Ray Kroc quotes. Available: last accessed 1st April 2014. Ross Peros, (N.D).Quotes. Available: Last accessed 1st April 2014. S. Jaychandran (2006). Marketing Management: text and cases. New Delhi: Anurag Jain. Singapore is most business-friendly for 7th year straight By Malminderjit Singh The Business Times | Fri, Oct 26, 2012 [ONLINE] Available from: [Accessed 21 March 2014] W. Edwards. (1900-1993). W. Edwards Deming quotes. Available: http://thinkexist.com/quotation/profit_in_business_comes_from_repeat_customers/226671.html. Last accessed 3rd April 2014. What is a macro environment? [ONLINE] Available from: [Accessed 20 March 2014]

Information Technology essays

Information Technology essays Comment and discuss how information technology is changing our traditional patterns of personal communication. Connect your kitchen to a French cooking school... your family room to Mars... your teenager's bedroom to a rock concert. When you live in a connected home, exciting words, pictures, sounds and ideas can reach any room. With 3Com Home products, your whole family can connect to work, school, loved ones and the world today This excerpts is from the home page of 3Com, one of the leading manufacturers of data communication hardware such as modems. This quote gives us a very good idea on how much information technology has been grown in the past few years and the changes happened in our traditional pattern of personal communication. People use Internet communication for many purposes. I identify some of these major purposes with the broad categories of communication, interaction and information. These categories are not mutually exclusive: Someone can participate in Internet communication for a combination of communication, information, and interaction at the same time. Communication: People use the Internet for communication in a ones: Electronic mail, Usenet, chat rooms, video conferencing etc. The most widely used tool on the Internet is electronic mail, or e-mail. E-mail is used to send written messages between individuals or groups of individuals, often geographically separated by large distances. E-mail messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers, computers that are dedicated to processing and directing e-mail. Once a server has received a message it directs it to the specific computer that the email is addressed to. To send email, the process is reversed. A very convenient and inexpensive way to transmit...

Kingdom of Bhutan

Kingdom of Bhutan The kingdom of Bhutan, situated in the Himalayan Mountains, bordered by India, Tibet, and China, is a nation of approximately 672,425 people (Anielski 137). In the year 2005, the nation had a gross national product (GDP) per capita of about $US 3,921 and was ranked 117th in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kingdom of Bhutan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By conventional economic measures, Bhutan is a relatively poor, developing country with a resource based economy that relies on forestry, animal husbandry, subsistence agriculture, and now increasingly, hydroelectricity, cash crops and tourism. However, the nation is far beyond developed countries as its physical environment is beautiful. It is also closer to being sustainable than nearly any other country in the world. Bhutan fits the idea of Shangri-La in many respects. It only allowed foreigners into the country from the 1970s, and continues t o restrict the entry of tourists. A hereditary monarchy has ruled the country since the start of the twentieth century. The Bhutanese are mainly Buddhists and the nation has a life expectancy of 63 years for men and 64 years for women. Late in the 1990s, television and the Internet were allowed, and King Jigme Singye Wangchuk installed parliamentary democracy in 2008. Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness Bhutan has adopted an official policy, passed by parliament, of Gross National Happiness (GNH) where by the pursuit of happiness takes precedence over economic prosperity and GDP. Apparently, this isolated Tibetan Buddhist nation, led by King Jigme Singye Wangchuk, is the only country in the world that has made attempts to measure a well-being by GNH instead of Gross National Product or GNP (Anielski 139). Bhutan leaders introduced the idea of GNH in order to strengthen the Buddhist spiritual system of belief. GNH measures and manages what matters most in people’s lives s uch as the quality of life, happiness of people, and good stewardship of the earth. In addition, GNH is intended to encourage debates on how different teachings and ethical beliefs of the Bhutanese people can be factored into the nation’s economy. In essence, GNH focuses policy debate on well-being and the pursuit of happiness rather than the mere acquisition of material things, consumption or production. At its heart, GNH is based on the Buddhist philosophy. In Buddhism, happiness is not determined by what we have and own but rather by the qualities of being. A study by Morrall indicated that Bhutan scores very well in the Happy Index in the Happy Planet Index, which is not surprising given that it has led the way in terms of furnishing a culture of happiness (Morrall 19). Bhutan assesses success through its GNH index instead of the economically driven measurements of GNP and GDP.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The four specific pillars of GNH as defined by King Jigme Thinley, upon which GNH rests, are good governance, cultural preservation, environmental conservation, and economic development. Each of these pillars has qualities that have never been and can never be quantified, but can be analyzed objectively. According to Bansil, the Bhutan 2020 vision document defines GNH’s role as a single unifying concept to identify future directions of policy (28). The King’s argument is that there are many concepts of development other than the GDP and the aim is to maximize happiness, rather than economic growth. Besides economic needs, the Bhutanese government believes that every single individual has many other needs that must be met. Consequently, development should be seen as the sum total of all the needs that are critical to human existence. The truth is that GNH is an almost intuitive idea to the Bhutanese and their King seeking to reconcile the need for development with preserving the essential ethos of Bhutanese spiritual and cultural life. In philosophical terms, the four pillars would come naturally to the Bhutanese people, living in an environment blessed by nature’s bounty, pride in their culture, and consequences of the benefits of good governance. In Bhutan, inner spiritual development is as important as external material development. Enlightening of an individual, not merely in the religious sense, is thus a critical requirement. At the very least, Bhutan’s contribution has served to stir a new debate on what is happiness and limitations of the fashionable paradigms of seeking happiness by possessing more and more goodies. If life expectancy can be taken to be one valid indicator of the success of GNH, then Bhutan has been a roaring success. From 1984 to 1998, life expectancy increased by 19 years. There are other tangible indicators where the country has also done extremely well. In the year 2006, gross national enrolment rate of primary schools reached 72 per cent, and the literacy rate grew from 17 per cent to 47.5 per cent (Bansil 29). Clearly, Bhutan has demonstrated to the whole world that people centric development is a workable economic model. GNH is, therefore, a multi-dimensional measure that should take the place of GDP. Politic Reforms and Modernization According to MCC, Bhutan is a near absolute monarchy that is in transition toward a democratic system (502). In 2005, King Jigme Singye Wangchuk announced that a constitution would be presented to the people for approval in a referendum. The new system was scheduled to come into effect in 2008. The chief of the state of Bhutan is the king, and the throne is hereditary in the male line of the Wangchuk dynasty, which was established in 1907, when a system of joint chiefs of state was replaced.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kingdom of Bhutan specif ically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1968, the king created a council of ministers to assist him handle administrative duties. Originally, six ministries were established with an additional four ministries added in 2003. From 1998, the responsibility of choosing members of government shifted from the king to the National Assembly. However, the king nominates potential ministers to the national assembly, and because the assembly is not independent, ultimate authority rests with the monarch. Since 1988, the position of prime minister is held in turns by the cabinet take. In 2005, the king proposed a two chamber legislature commonly known as the Parliament. The National Assembly would have more than 75 members, elected by universal adult suffrage for five years. Each district would elect between two and seven members, depending on its population. Two political parties would be allowed to operate. The upper house would comprise 25 members, one elected from each district for five years, plus five members chosen by the king. Members of the National Council would not be allowed to be members in any political party. The government would be led by a prime minister, whose party had a majority in the lower house. The prime minister would not serve more than two five year terms. The king would retain the power to appoint the principal officials of state and to approve bills from the Parliament. Succession to the throne would be extended to the princess, and the monarch would be obliged to abdicate at the age of 65. Economy Bhutan is one of the world’s poorest states characterized by remoteness, underdevelopment, and lack of resources. All viable land routes to Bhutan pass through India, which economically dominates its neighbor Bhutan. The kingdom depends on India for financial assistance, and is not financially independent. Bhutan’s currency, the ngultrum, is on a par with the Indian rupee, which also circulates in Bhutan. In general, Bhutan’s terrain hinders the nation’s development (MCC 510). More than 97 per cent of the land area is composed of rugged mountains and steep slopes that have no soil or are too cold to be farmed. In 2003, the Bhutanese GDP was $2.9 billion and this came mainly from agriculture, industry, and services sectors. Bhutan has reserves of timber and deposits of dolomite and limestone, gypsum, calcium carbonate, beryl, copper, coal, graphite, iron ore, and lead. This notwithstanding, most of Bhutan’s resources are too small or too inaccessible to be commercially viable. Arable land and land that is permanently cropped account for only 2.7 per cent of Bhutan.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of this, 93 per cent of the labor force is employed in farming. Industry in Bhutan is small scale and employs only 2 per cent of the labor force. The services sector employs 5 per cent of the labor force but provides 45 per cent of the country’s GDP. Preservation of Cultural Value Preserving and promoting culture is generally regarded as an important factor in the development of the Bhutanese nation. This is mainly driven by the general belief in Bhutan that when a nation loses its cultural heritage, people tend to be dissatisfied. As a result, Bhutan zealously guards its culture and the government sees the preservation of culture as a high priority (Biswas-Diener 77). This is strengthened by the school system which requires Bhutanese values to be taught side by side with science, mathematics, and English language. The Bhutanese national language, Dzongkha, is spoken by around 50 per cent of the population. Bhutanese legendary culture is closely related to the Tibeta n Buddhist literature and is mainly concerned with Buddhist themes. Early works are preserved in fortified monasteries that are found throughout Bhutan. Traditional buildings in Bhutan are constructed from either mud bricks for domestic buildings or stone for major public and religious structures. Both types of buildings have colorfully painted or carved wooden doors, window frames, and roofs. The two most characteristic buildings are the farmhouse and the Dzong, both constructed without using nails (Minahan 27). Traditional dances such as the mask dances performed by monks at festivals frequently had a religious significance. The Bhutanese celebrate many festivals, a large number of which are local. National public holidays include the winter solstice, which is celebrated according to a lunar calendar rather than the Western calendar. However, modern public holidays are celebrated according to the Western calendar. The cuisine of Bhutan reflects the relatively limited range of food items available to the nation’s substance farmers, almost all of whom own cattle. Generally, the cuisine is rice based, and dairy foods, such as cheese and butter, feature prominently in recipes. The Preservation of Environment Given that many Bhutanese people depend on the environment for their daily subsistence, environmental conservation is an important undertaking for the nation. This is particularly true for agricultural populations (Biswas-Diener 78). Environmental preservation is easily acceptable to the Bhutanese people who strongly believe that being reckless only creates an unhappy nation. As a result, all citizens have a major responsibility to ensure that the environment is preserved for future generations. This in turn has limited severe environmental degradation such as seen in neighboring countries like Nepal where the denuding of forests on the slopes of the Himalaya has led to landslides that have destroyed villages and taken lives. Environmental benefits th at have been derived from this pillar of GNH include the listing of Bhutan as a world of biodiversity, increased preservation policies, and constitutional protection of the environment (Wiessala 46). Comparing Bhutan to the US, Bhutan’s environment is not polluted and its people are generally happy. Besides having the highest number species worldwide, Bhutan also has a huge portion of its total land under forest cover. Diplomatic Relations There is need for Bhutan to intensify its diplomatic relations with other nations across the world. With support from the Indian community, the nation has been able to establish a number of diplomatic relations with at least 23 countries. In creating these relationships, the nation started by joining the United Nations. Today, Bhutan is a member of several international bodies which IMF, UNESCO, and SAARC (Peksen 15). Conclusion Clearly, there is so much that the world can learn from the Bhutanese society. Its passion to preserve the enviro nment is especially admirable and can help the world deal with the issues of climate change and global warming which now pose serious threats to human existence. Anielski, Mark. The Economics of Happiness: Building Genuine Wealth, Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2007. Print. Bansil, Puran. Poverty Mapping In Rajasthan, Concept Publishing Company, 2006. Print. Biswas-Diener, Robert. Positive Psychology As Social Change, New York: Springer, 2011. Print. Marshall Cavendish Corporation (MCC). World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2007. Print. Minahan, James. Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2012. Print. Morrall, Peter. The Trouble with Therapy: Sociology and Psychotherapy, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill International, 2008. Print. Peksen, Dursun. Liberal Interventionism and Democracy Promotion, Lanham, MA: Lexington Books, 2012. Print. Wiessala, Georg. The European Uni on and Asian Countries, New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002. Print.

Green criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Green criminology - Essay Example Towards the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, there have been a number of legislations to protect animals against human cruelty. The Animal Welfare Act of 2006 prevented such offences as causing suffering, mutilation, and indulging animals in fighting; the Wild Mammals (Protection) Act of 1996 ensured illegitimate infliction of pain of any sort to animals; the Fur Farming (Prohibition) Act of 2000 made it an offence to keep animals solely for the purpose of slaughter; and the Hunting Act of 2004 prevented both hunting wild mammals with dogs and hare coursing. In the United States, every state has sound legislation against cruelty to animals. For instance, the Humane care for Animals Act of 1973 by the state of Illinois makes it clear that the owners of the animals need to provide â€Å"a) sufficient quantity of good quality, wholesome food, and water; b) adequate shelter and protection from the weather; c) veterinary care when needed to prev ent suffering.To conclude, it can be stated that in many countries crimes towards animals today are no longer conceived as minor crimes. Studies have also shown that people who commit brutal crimes against animals are also likely to indulge in similar crimes towards humans too. As researchers at the American Prosecutors Research Institute have identified crimes against animals not only ‘generate enormous emotion and interest’ but also â€Å"there are signs of growing public and professional interest in the prosecution of crimes against animals† (APRI 2006, p. 1).

Ncm 512 case assignment module 2 Bargaining I (prepare prepare Essay

Ncm 512 case assignment module 2 Bargaining I (prepare prepare prepare) - Essay Example This paper aims at discussing the take on the organization and a major focus is on the conflict and the interest of the two positions. There is also a major focus on the entering and leaving points of the negotiation and the steps taken by the two parties. The case of Kaiser Permanente is one which has been based on interest based negotiations and the conflict arose between the organization and the employees. The method of conflict management used by the two parties was based on the interest – based negotiation. The two sides of the conflict, i.e. the organization and the employee union formed the two parties. The main issue here was that the organization aimed at entering into a partnership where the employees would need to be downsized and the number of employees needs to be cut down to enter into the partnership (McKersie, Kochan and Sharpe). Both the parties had their respective interests and were focused on the creating a stronger position for themselves. The conflict was more interest based and not position based. This was majorly because the focus of each was to ensure their safety and their own levels within the organization. The employees showed a concern due to the impact that the downsizing would have on their income and the organization was concerned about the partnership activities which they wanted to keep away from the collective bargaining of the employees as it would be more difficult if the local union support was brought together with the employees (McCarthy, Mueller and Wrenn). However Kaiser realised that the national collective bargaining agreement based on the internet based bargaining would prove to be more effective and would also help the organisation realise the most from the partnership. There are a number of possible entry and exit points in the negotiation range and the two parties have a strong position and interest in the conflict. Both parties have provided a solid case and there is clearly a strong position that

Light Photography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Light Photography - Assignment Example Diffusion scatters light making the source broader and softer. For example, when clouds drift in front of the sun, shadows get less distinct. For the shadows to disappear, just add fog. Thirdly, bouncing light acts as diffusion. By aiming a narrow source of light at a broad matte surface such as wall and ceiling, it will not only reflect the light but will also diffuse it by scattering it over a wider area. The further the light source, the more it falls off meaning it gets dimmer on your subject. If light is moved twice as far from the subject you end up with only one quarter of it on the subject. Light fall-off can be used for varying the relationship between the light on your subject and your background. If a light source is placed close to the subject, the fall-off from the subject to the background will be more pronounced. When light is moved further from the subject, the background will be relatively brighter. Generally, I have learnt a lot from the light photography assignment. Light lessens shadows, the closer the source of light the closer the light, diffusion scatters light, and that bouncing light acts as diffusion. The further the light source, the more it falls off, Light falloff can be used to vary relationship and Front lighting deemphasizes

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Higher education Essay †¢Assignment # 2 – Comprehensive Case: â€Å"Muffler Magic† Read the â€Å"Muffler Magic† case and write a four-to-five (4-5) page report that answers the following: 1. Specify three (3) recommendations about the functions of recruiting, selection, and training that you think Ron Brown should be addressing with his HR manager now. Currently youre allowing your HR to hire employees without carefully screening each and every candidate, checking their references and work ethic due to such a high demand of staff. Envitably, youre higher mediocre applicants for more than mediocre pay and at the risk of your name and overall profitability. Being able to answer minimal questions shouldnt be enough to be hired as a technician and questions such as what do you think the problem is if a 2001 Camery is overheating? What would you do? should not be enough to secure a position within the company. Muffler Magic offers a range of products and services and engine issues is merely one of the many situations an employee may come across. How do these types of generic questions answer if your applicant is able to fulfill the requirements for muffler replacements, oil changes, and brake jobs? Obviously, from looking at the handful of situational mishaps youve described your HR department is merely hiring whoever walks into the office and in return youre given inaccurate and potentially life threatening break jobs and repairs out of the companies pocket. This is not acceptable and it is no wonder why the company isnt profiting. One of the reasons behinds why you dont necessarily want to adapt or change some crucial points within the company is the money. If you broke down one instance where there was an error made by one of your associates, take the engine for instance a new engine can cost any consumer somewhere in the ballpark of $2,000 to $4,000*not including the benefits or any extra perks. Now lets say that one of these errors happened in every single store then youre looking at $50,000+ worth of mistakes coming out of Magic Mufflers pocket (keep in mind that estimated figure is from 1 mistake). With that type of money, I would imagine you could hire and appropriately train quite a few applicants that would be worth your time and money. I would recommend changing your recruiting, selecting and training standards immediately. Starting with the recruiting aspect of Magic Muffler. Instead of allowing the applicants come  to you, why dont we go above and beyond and seek the preferred applicant. We can still advertise through local newspapers and internet, but we really should be seeking out those employees that have some kind of responsibility and potential retainability. The one major thing I didnt see in the recruiting process youre currently using is zoning in on what type of candidate are you looking forin terms of education level and experience level based upon the types of work they will be working on. One of the huge factors to remember is Presently, vehicles use high-tech computers and complex electronic systems to monitor the performance of the vehicle. A strong sense of understanding concerning the operation of a vehicle, including how each device interacts, as well as the ability to deal with electronic diagnostic equipment and digital reference manuals is key to the success of a technician(http://www. careeroverview. com/auto-mechanic-careers. html) Therefore, Magic Muffler is in need of a qualified individual that is capable of working with UTD automotive machinery and possible situations that could arise. Therefore Magic Muffler should be spending their money recruiting individuals that have successfully completed a vocational training program in automotive service technology(ie:Automotive Youth Education Service (AYES)). For a more advanced position they will need ,in addition to vocational training, stoma kind of Postsecondary automotive technician training whether through a prior company, community college or technical college. Finally other qualifications you should be focused on while recruiting is the ability to diagnose the source of a problem quickly and accurately, good reasoning ability and a thorough knowledge of automobiles, strong communication and analytical skills and good reading, mathematics, and computer skills to study technical manuals with the drive to continuously keep up with new technology and learn new service and repair procedures and specifications. To find these types of applicants I would recommend some type of college recruiting; starting with on campus recruiting and then continuing the recuriting process with an onsite visit. Continuing with the selection process, I think its quite obvious that we should be focusing on a Personality Profile Analysis, which applicants can perform online and follow this up with a PPA(200 HRM BOOK). If you chose not to go that route you can always focus on tests of cognitive abilities (more specifically aptitude testing and motor/physical abilities). If these tests pan out then we should go forward with a background check/reference check. This may seem to be an overwhelming process, but finding the perfect candidates is essential to low turnover rates and high satisfaction level across the board. The next step is to select the applicants that you are satisfied with their performance on the tests, interview and background check. After applicants are chosen and hired, we need to start with an orientation of the company and its overall goals and next is training. Although OTJ training does offer a lot to the employee it is not enough for these types of positions. Considering car technology is constantly advancing there needs to a need to continuously further your mechanics knowledge. As a responsible employer you should send your experienced automotive service technicians to manufacturer training centers to learn to repair new models or to receive special training in the repair of components, such as electronic fuel injection or air-conditioners and even beginner mechanics who show potential may be sent to manufacturer-sponsored technician training programs to upgrade or maintain employees skills. There are of course crucial training necessary, which cannot be offered OTJ and that is electronics training. This is vital because electrical components, or a series of related components, account for nearly all malfunctions in modern vehicles. As the employee continues to thrive the company should offer additional training for possible certifications or advancement opportunities. For example: the ASE certification has become a standard credential for automotive service technicians. While not mandatory for work in automotive service, certification is common for all experienced technicians in large, urban areas. Certification is available in eight different areas of automotive service, such as electrical systems, engine repair, brake systems, suspension and steering, and heating and air-conditioning. For certification in each area, technicians must have at least 2 years of experience and pass the examination. Completion of an automotive training program in high school, vocational or trade school, or community or junior college may be substituted for 1 year of experience. For ASE certification as a Master Automobile Technician, technicians must pass all eight examinations. *http://www. ehow. com/facts_4830630_cost-car-engine-replacement. html 2. Write three (3) questions for a structured interview form that Ron Brown’s service center managers can use to interview experienced technicians. (Note: do not list possible answers. ) As I had said previously asking generic questions are not going to offer you the results in which most employers desire. There are a couple of things that should be kept in mind when creating these questions such as; which type of questions would be more effective in displaying the qualities Muffler Magic desires? Considering HR already has a lot to do with the hiring process, I think the appropriate form of interview would be a structured situational interview. After analyzing the positions and rating the jobs main duties, we would need to create questions reflecting such duties and daily knowledge to perform them. Three questions I would use to test the waters would be: What training(classroom or on the job), have you had with engine, transmission or brake diagnostic equipment? Identify the diagnostic program and was it computer and software based? Have you worked with engine, transmission or brake diagnostic equipment computer and software? What was the diagnostic program and what was your involvement? What experience, knowledge, and skill do you have with air brake systems, anti lock, and heavy-duty truck suspensions? Relate your experience and describe your skills working with school bus, heavy-duty trucks, light duty pick-up truck, and van bodies/Relate your experience and describe your skills working with heavy and medium-duty diesel and gasoline-powered engines and light-duty pick-up truck and van engines. (www. msbo. org/library/HumanRes/Interview/Mech. doc).

Napoleon Bonaparte :: essays research papers

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte, the son of Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte, was born in Ajaccio, Corsica on August 15, 1768. In 1779, he was sent to a military school in Paris. He was made fun of by the French there, and gave him the dream of power. Napoleon was waiting for the right time to achieve greater power, and that moment came when the French monarchy was overthrown. Napoleon’s parents were radicals, and both died soon after he turned 16, therefore leaving him the estate. His first battle was when he directed the artillery siege of Toulon in 1793, and afterwards he was promoted to brigadier general. In 1795, he scattered a group of rioters by firing a grapeshot, a shot gun version of a cannon, into the crowd. Napoleon was then made commander of the Italian army and won four straight battles against the Austrians. In 1797, Austria surrendered to France when Napoleon was just 80 miles from the capitol. When the fight was taken to Egypt, he again won the battle of the pyramids, but lost his fleet of ships in his next fight over the battle of the Nile. He returned home to France to see that the French government was really messed up. "In 1799 he abolished the Directorate and set up a consulate." He was not happy and wanted more power, so he went after the rest of Europe, but had settled with many treaties. Those treaties had put Fran ce at peace with all of Europe. Then in 1803, war broke out again in Europe, and Britain allied with the other countries of Europe to fight against France. "Napoleon brought those European countries to their knees and forced them to sign humiliating treaties, and now, Britain was the only country left not under Napoleon’s rule." One of Napoleon’s few bad campaigns was when he went into Russia, and instead of the Russians just letting the French capture them, they used guerrilla tactics and also the weather, to fight France. Once Napoleon finally defeated the Russians, he went to Moscow, only to see it in flames. The Grand Army, which was originally made up of 500,000 troops, now had a short of supplies and shelter from the harsh winter. Because of that, they had returned to France being known as "One of Napoleon’s worst blunders." Europe noticed that Napoleon was now weak, and they allied against him and came out victorious, and the European’s forced Napoleon the abdicate power on April 6, 1814.

Being Educated and Trained

Author Albert Jay Nock discusses what he termed as the change in the purpose of American education. Instead of concentrating on â€Å"training,† which is supposed to provide individuals with proficiency, education today centers on the intellectual gains. Nock compares the purposes of training and of education: that is, he states that in the past, training had a vocational focus that, â€Å"bore directly upon what he could do or get, while his education bore directly on neither; it bore upon what he could become and be† (par. 2).However, as Nock stated, the differences between the two were â€Å"practically wiped out† (par. 3). One major disadvantage of education, according to Nock, is that it prevents people from cooperating and working with each other, thus encourages competition and leaves the educated human a â€Å"solitary figure† (par. 5). Training, on the other hand, tends to do the opposite as it brings people together. In addition, training typical ly encourages individuals to live a simple life and be happy with what they have attained, either in skills or earning power.Education, in contrast, tends to encourage a person to live an unsatisfied life, continuously seeking for more than what he or she already has. Looking at Nock’s perspectives and standards, I feel that I am both an educated person as well as a trained person. I value the processes of learning things as having its own rewards in the end and the importance of intellectual growth and development in my life. However, I also feel that I can do the things that I have been taught to do with a degree of competency and proficiency through the training I have received in school.I value individualism, personal satisfaction, and happiness, as much as I value collaborative effort or cooperation in work and activities and simplistic living. Moreover, as Nock contended, education calls for educated humans to like and value thinking, one that is critical and objective that is. As what the Columbia University president said, very few people like to do this because they do not like thinking per se and it disrupts or hinders them from what they are doing.As for me, critical and objective thinking is also one hobby or vocation that is difficult to come by. Only when crucial times call for it or when it is truly needed does thinking take over. This is because most of the time, I am more focused with my physical, emotional, and psychological well-being that critical and objective thinking only surface for academic purposes. In addition, I am more of a feeling-based person than a thinking-based one since my relationships and emotions stand above in the decisions I make.I do not see anything wrong with this because as a trained individual, this is how I value things in my life and the choices and rights I have. However, as an educated individual and as Nock held, I choose â€Å"to cultivate a sense of history† (par. 9) in my life. Learning the pas t for me is learning how to cope with the present and the future. There are a lot of life lessons we can all get from the experiences of people from the past and their mistakes serve as our guide in our personal and societal undertakings.It is part of our responsibility as educated or trained citizens of this nation to look back and know how our forefathers have fought for our democracy just so we can enjoy this freedom we currently experience. But I do not go â€Å"all the way back to the politics of Rome and Athens† (par. 9) all the time to evaluate the present times. Because as a critical, objective, and educated individual, I should know that there are instances in the past that cannot be applied in the present because of the differences in time, in people, in places, and in technology.This is why history is essential for an educated society, but it is not the only factor that an educated person should consider in the present. In conclusion, I can say that I am both an ed ucated and trained individual in that I value the boring intellectual learning I have to pass through, as well as the direct training I need in attaining true education. There are prices to be paid and sacrifices to be made in attaining education, but it will be worth it in the future when I â€Å"could do and get† and â€Å"become and be. †

Homelessness: What We Can Do About It

â€Å"Being homeless is often defined as sleeping on the streets. Although this is the most visible and severe form of homelessness, there are many other types of acute housing need. These include living in temporary accommodation, poor or overcrowded conditions, or being in mortgage arrears and under threat of re-possession. † (Hope, 27) It is a symptom of many complex problems: mental illness, emotional instability, illiteracy, chronic substance abuse, unemployment, and, most basic of all, the breakdown of city planning. Anyone can become homeless and the reasons that force people into homelessness are many and varied. The leading cause, however, of homelessness in the United States is the inability of poor people to afford housing. â€Å"Housing costs have risen significantly over the last decade, while the incomes of poor and middle-class Americans have stagnated. † (Erickson, 169) The millions of Americans who are unemployed or work in low-paying jobs are among the most vulnerable to becoming homeless. Therefore, homelessness, housing, and income are inextricably linked. Low-income people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child-care, health care, and education. Difficult choices must be made when limited resources cover only some of these necessities. Often it is housing, which takes a high proportion of income that must be dropped. Two major sources of income are from employment and public assistance. A decrease in either one of them would certainly put poor people at risk of homelessness. Additionally, minimum wage earnings no longer lift families above the poverty line. More than 3 million poor Americans spend more than half of their total income on housing, yet the Department of Housing and Urban Development estimates families should spend no more than 30%. † (Gilbert, 84) Although many homeless adults are employed, they work in day-labor jobs that do not meet basic needs, while technological acceleration excludes others from a competitive job market. Many factors have contributed to declining work opportunities for large segments of the workforce, including the loss of well-paying manufacturing jobs. The decline in relatively secure and well-paying jobs in manufacturing, which have been replaced by less secure and poorly-paid jobs in the service sector, has greatly limited the opportunities for poorly-educated and low-skilled segments of the population. This transformation has led to an unprecedented incidence of chronic unemployment and underemployment. (Hardin, 379) â€Å"Underemployment is an especially useful measure of the decline in secure jobs since, unlike the unemployment rate, measures of underemployment reflect not only individuals who are unemployed, but also involuntary part-timers and those who have given up seeking work. (Hardin, 263) In addition to increasing underemployment, an estimated 29. 4% of the workforce are employed in nonstandard work arrangements, for example, independent contracting, working for a temporary help agency, day labor, and regular part-time employment. These kinds of work arrangements typically offer lower wages, fewer benefits, and less job security. â€Å"As recently as 1967, a year-round worker earning the minimum wage was paid enough to raise a family of three above the poverty line† (Sklar, 103). From 1981-1990, however, â€Å"the minimum wage was frozen at $3. 5 an hour, while the cost of living increased 48% over the same period. Congress raised the minimum wage to $5. 15 per hour in 1996. This increase made up only slightly more than half of the ground lost to inflation in the 1980s† (Hardin, 191). Thus, full-time year-round minimum-wage earnings currently not equal to the estimated poverty line for a family of three. Unsurprisingly, the decline in the value of the minimum wage has been accompanied by an increase in the number of people earning poverty-level wages and the declining wages have put housing out of reach for many workers, in every state. Slashed public assistance has also left many people homeless or at risk of homelessness. Replacement of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) entitlement program, a program that was already inadequate in meeting the needs of families, with the non-entitlement block grant program would significantly increase the risk of homelessness for many Americans. Furthermore, earned income and asset limitations discourage individuals and families from breaking the cycle of homelessness and extreme poverty. Several states have terminated or reduced public assistance and food stamps for individuals, while Social Security Income (SSI) is inadequate, and sometimes impossible to obtain, for disabled individuals. As a result, the number of poor Americans is growing and the poor are getting poorer. Across America, there has been a substantial decline in the number of housing units that low-income people and those in need of shelter assistance can afford. Those losses have resulted primarily from downtown urban renewal, gentrification, abandonment, and suburban land use controls. The elimination and reduction of federal low income housing programs has also dramatically reduced the supply of affordable shelter. Moreover, construction of low income and assisted housing has essentially stopped. Due to the increased demand and diminished supply of housing or shelter, the problem of homelessness is further deteriorated. The amount of housing available in the private sector rental stock is diminishing rapidly. As more and more landlords abandon apartment buildings and houses rather than repair them, the housing supply for the poor has declined at an accelerating pace in some cities in the nation. The growth of service-sector employment in central business districts has attracted white-collar professionals, many of whom prefer to live in accessible central city neighborhoods, where they compete with poor, indigenous residents for private market housing (Noyelle, 210). The result is frequently gentrification of inner city housing which traditionally has been the major source of low- income housing. At the same time, downtown service sector expansion has created jobs for many low-waged workers, which increases the demand for low cost shelter readily accessible to the downtown. It makes the homeless in downtown even harder to rent a place to live. Downtown development also diminishes the supply of low-income housing for poor people. As the City raises more new office towers, the vacancy for housing is getting less. In Seattle, for instance, office space in downtown grew from 13 million square feet in 1981 to about 24 million square feet in 1990. On the other hand, the downtown low-income housing stock declined from about 11,000 units in 1980 to less than 6,000 units in 1987. With the passage of new housing levies, cities will try to regain some low income units, but today s low-income units vanish faster than they can be built and there is still a shortage in housing supply in downtown areas. Besides, the qualities of temporary shelters for homeless people are terrible that they think staying on streets is a better choice. Not only have the lost bed-spaces not been made up, but the new hostels are not as readily accessible to the homeless coming directly off the street. They tend to cater to special-needs groups and access tends to be through referral. Planners can play an important role in the search for solutions to homelessness. And homelessness is an extensive, complex process. Different kinds of intervention are needed to deal with the problem. But the most widely accepted approach is a three-tier system, beginning with emergency shelters and moving through transitional accommodations to long-term housing. Rehabilitation of old buildings by minimal funding are common projects to provide shelters for the homeless people. However, some observers suggests that making the renovation of buildings for low-income housing profitable, for developers or investors, can be the solution to the homeless problem. Our examination makes it clear that piecemeal intervention can alleviate emergency shelter crises, but such action will not resolve the long-term problem of finding permanent shelter for the homeless and returning them to the mainstream of society wherever possible, which we regard as the ultimate goal of intervention. Equally obvious is that while long-term intervention strategies are vital, they do not address the problems of survival for those presently without shelter and support. We conclude that both long-term and short-term measures are necessary, but that all the solutions should be based on integrated, comprehensive understanding of the homelessness problem. Only such a comprehensive approach will allow planners to develop workable strategies with any chance for success.