Molecular Aspects of Biofilm Essay -- Biology, Cluster of Cells

Almost all bacteria are known to have certain stage of life where they live in form of biofilms. A biofilm is nobody but cluster of cells embedded within a self-produced polymeric matrix and adherent to a living or inert turn up (Costerton et al, 1995). education of biofilm begins with the attachment of planktonic bacteria to a surface, initially through weak and reversible Van der Waals forces and then anchors itself irreversibly by cell devotion structures such(prenominal) as pili. The primary colonizers facilitate the arrival of other cells by producing polymeric adhesion matrix that also holds the biofilm together (Costerton et al, 1995). In course of closure and growth of biofilm, cells communicate via quorum sensing which also leads to phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells (Diggle et al, 2007). This development of biofilm confers bacterial cells higher antibiotic resistant and immunity to environmental insults. intensify antibiotic resistance due to biofilm developm ent imposes increasing concerns in antimicrobial therapy, especially when it comes to biomedical devices associated infections (Donlan, 2001). According to an estimate, contamination of surgical instruments by biofilm increases approximately 1.6 billion dollars in hospital expenditures annually in United States of America (Gupta et al, 2002). Biofilms not only cause nuisance in clinical aspects but they also establish a number of serious problems in industrial operations like in fluid processing operations, mechanical blockages, impedance of heat transfer process, and biodeterioration of components of all-metal and polymeric systems that results in loss of billions of rupees each year (Rao et al, 1993 and 2009 Fleming, 2002 Boffardi, 2005). Pseudomonas aerugi... ...s censored i.e. some part of sample may lost before the final take is speculated or speculation itself is incomplete (Kaplan & Meier, 1958). In KM survival plot, survival luck is measured afterward certain age per iods and between two consume time points survival probability is assumed to be constant so as an outcome we speculate a series of horizontals steps of survival probability everywhere a period of time (Bland & Altman, 1998). Survival probability was calculated as P=Nt/N. Where P is survival probability, N0 is initial number of cells, Nt is number of viable cells after giving biocide doses at t time. Standard error in P was calculated as SE=P(1-p)/NThe upper and lower limit of 95% effrontery interval were calculated as =P1.96*SE. The upper limit of probability of survival of cells at different doses were taken into account for plotting the graph. Molecular Aspects of Biofilm analyze -- Biology, Cluster of CellsAlmost all bacteria are known to have certain stage of life where they live in form of biofilms. A biofilm is nothing but cluster of cells embedded within a self-produced polymeric matrix and adherent to a living or inert surface (Costerton et al, 1995). D evelopment of biofilm begins with the attachment of planktonic bacteria to a surface, initially through weak and reversible Van der Waals forces and then anchors itself irreversibly by cell adhesion structures such as pili. The primary colonizers facilitate the arrival of other cells by producing polymeric adhesion matrix that also holds the biofilm together (Costerton et al, 1995). In course of colonization and maturation of biofilm, cells communicate via quorum sensing which also leads to phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells (Diggle et al, 2007). This development of biofilm confers bacterial cells higher antibiotic resistant and immunity to environmental insults. Enhanced antibiotic resistance due to biofilm development imposes increasing concerns in antimicrobial therapy, especially when it comes to biomedical devices associated infections (Donlan, 2001). According to an estimate, contamination of surgical instruments by biofilm increases approximately 1.6 billion dollars in hospital expenditures annually in United States of America (Gupta et al, 2002). Biofilms not only cause nuisance in clinical aspects but they also create a number of serious problems in industrial operations like in fluid processing operations, mechanical blockages, impedance of heat transfer process, and biodeterioration of components of metallic and polymeric systems that results in loss of billions of rupees each year (Rao et al, 1993 and 2009 Fleming, 2002 Boffardi, 2005). Pseudomonas aerugi... ...s censored i.e. some part of sample may lost before the final outcome is speculated or speculation itself is incomplete (Kaplan & Meier, 1958). In KM survival plot, survival probability is measured after certain time periods and between two sampling time points survival probability is assumed to be constant so as an outcome we speculate a series of horizontals steps of survival probability over a period of time (Bland & Altman, 1998). Survival probability was calculated as P=Nt/N. W here P is survival probability, N0 is initial number of cells, Nt is number of viable cells after giving biocide doses at t time. Standard error in P was calculated as SE=P(1-p)/NThe upper and lower limit of 95% confidence interval were calculated as =P1.96*SE. The upper limit of probability of survival of cells at different doses were taken into account for plotting the graph.

Innate Evil and the Temptations of the Devil Essay -- American Literat

Early American literature is unique in that it is abundantly influenced by Biblical themes and ideas. creation that this country was founded by the strict, fundamentalist Puritans, it seems obvious that the literature would be pervaded by such things as the presence of infernal and its impact on goodness and holiness. The lousiness that is found in Melville and Hawthorne is interesting because it reflects the Biblical idea of evil tempting good and attempting to convert it rather than simply destroy it. The stories of Poe reflect the turmoil and evil that is contained within a person and tempts him or her to commit evil acts.What is fascinating about this literature is that in Billy Budd, The Scarlet Letter, The Imp of the Perverse, and William Wilson, evil is endlessly victorious. In todays society, it is tempting to read stories and watch films in which good always prevails and the characters live happily ever after however, at the condemnation of these writings, there was still an air of Calvinism and the lasting idea that mankind is innately evil. Modern society is uncomfortable with the term evil, but at the time of this literature, it was a common term that was used freely and had clear definitions. Therefore, because of the strong Biblical influence, the aforementioned tales ar centered on this presence of evil and its temptation and agonizing of that which is holy until goodness is overcome. Melvilles Billy Budd is a tale in which the Biblical influence is quite obvious. There are many images of snakes and serpents, which is often typic of Satan. Many critics read the story as an all(a)egory to the Christ story in which Billy and Claggart play the roles of Jesus and Judas (Wright 133). There is imagery throughout th... ...he criminal conversation and temptations in The Scarlet Letter, and the murder in both The Imp of the Perverse and William Wilson all were easily classified as evil. Today, many of these actions would be subscribed to the doers childhoods or to other traumatic experiences and the people themselves would not necessarily be held responsible. It is difficult in todays society to classify good and evil because those areas are no longer black and white however, in early American times, evil was easy to identify and was seen as the influence of the devil. The aforementioned literature of Melville, Hawthorne, and Poe all contains tremendous influence from the Bible and therefore displays this evil temptation from the devil himself. Sadly, in each of the stories, evil always seems to triumph, and the characters are forced to realize their get wickedness and depravities.

muscle memory :: essays research papers

What does it mean to learn a new skill and go from "novice" to "expert"? In the world of dumb equipment, part of that learning means memorizing how to use levers, joysticks, and even pedals in a coordinated way to control the attachment at the give notice of the boom. But how does this memorizing take place? At first, you need to concentrate in order to make your fingers, hands, arms (and feet) move in just the right way, ground on what you see. What youre learning is precision, i.e. how to make the boom attachment perform the task (move a load, grapple a tree, drill a hole, etc.) carefully. (Scientists have discovered that there are a large number of internal brain structures, which work together with the input and output brain structures to form fleeting images in the mind. employ these images, we learn to interpret input signals, process them, and formulate output responses in a deliberate, conscious, way.) But after a while, the "seeing-thinking-doing&qu ot gradually becomes "seeing-doing" because your muscles seem to "know" and " hatch" just what to do. What youre learning now is speed, i.e. how to perform the task carefully and quickly. Thats muscle memory. Scientists call this "kinesthetic memory" or "neuro-muscular facilitation" and they speak of "sensory-motor" learning, since you are combining perceptual experience input, i.e. what you see with your eyes, with motor output, i.e. what you do with your body. Of course, during the "drill-and-practice", your muscles arent really memorizing anything (since all memories are stored in your brain). Instead, what you see with your eyes is interpreted by your brain in the form of nerve signals to your muscles to make your body move. Now by making the same movements in response to the same visual cues over and over again, the associated nerve-muscle connections gradually become to a greater extent effective, i.e. the transmission of the signals becomes more effective, and this is how the "thinking" in the "seeing-thinking-doing" is gradually replaced by "seeing-doing", i.e. by muscle memory. And this is exactly what we observe when people spend time at the controls of our face-to-face Simulators. At first, their body language tells you at a glance that they are concentrating carefully, working hard to watch and learn. But come back sometime by and by and the same people are now relaxed, sitting back, and making the same precise gestures but now much faster In the world of heavy equipment, muscle memory is especially important because its the combination of care and speed that make operators truly competent.

Martin Eden :: essays papers

Martin EdenJack London, prestigious author of Martin Eden writes his opinions intohis work. Aspects of several(predicate) societies are prevalent throughout hiswork and the family line struggle between different classes of characters isapparent in his writing. Although not an autobiography much of hiswriting can appear to include his personal views on life. Martin Eden,the protagonist created by London begins as a petty seaman works hishis way to the upper class of society. Through self-determination andself-education he is able to become a extremity of the bourgeois. Writerswith styles similar to London in that they all write in the same stylein that shows the struggle of the poor and their climb to the upperclass moreover to see that it reveals a faux ideal. Alice Hoffman author ofHere On Earth appears to hold many of the same beliefs as Martin whichare seen throughout her novel.Martin Eden was coerce to make his own living. Eden was nevergiven anything and had to work to gain everything he wanted.Everyday struggles included finding the simple necessities offood and shelter. As a poor sailor, Eden looked around and sawthe ideals of the bourgeois. Through the eyes of Eden theBourgeois were the educated, wealthy, and were what Martindesired to become. He dreams of becoming educated and belongingto the upper class ultimately he finds one small connectionthat opens up a new world to the once struggling seaman.Although later disproved, his first impressions of this classwere seen from an noncitizens view as perfect. Here wasintellectual life, he thought, and here was beauty, warm andwonderful as he had never dreamed it could be. (p. 40) Martincomes into contact with a family that introduces him to thisnew world. The Morse family was all Martin dreamed of, heviewed them, as them part of a perfect society and condolence was thefocal point of it. Ruth was supernal like a flower herculture and sophistication stimulated him.Introduction to this new class surpris ed Martin. The library, anew idea to him, becomes his new haven. Although he lacked boththe time and money necessary for a traditional educationbetween sailing he began his way to self-education. In thebeginning Martin was separated from Ruth because of their classdifference, but as this yearning for education developed he andRuth become involved. He wasnt of their tribe, and hecouldnt talk their cant was the way he put it to himself. Hecouldnt fake being their kind. (p. 51) Although he wasntborn any with any of these privileges he made it his occupancy

Spartan Political and Social System Essay example -- essays research p

Spartan Political and Social SystemsSparta was, above all, a military state, and focus on military fitness began at birth, imprinted through society and the political system. The education of the Spartan male children prove that the military and war was constantly a huge part of Spartan society, and the laws and systems that Sparta was governed by, only enforced the militaristic attitude into the society of Sparta. That the Spartans needed to be ready for war is proved by the disagree between the Spartiate and the helots, who outnumbered and under ranked the Spartans. From birth Spartan children were expected to be physically strong and when male children were ten days old they were examined by a council of elders to see if the child had enough potential to be a warrior, or if it should be exposed. The children who were exposed were left to die at Apothetae on the slopes of Mt. Tygetus. The children who passed the test were left in the care of their mothers until they mop uped t he age of seven, at which point they left home to live in the barrack with other males, and were educated and trained in how to be a brave and strong warrior. While these children were still living at home they were mainly left in the care of a nurse, who taught them the commencement exercise stage of their life-long education in the military. The nurses taught the children fight their fears as well as general superstition, toughening up the children so they would be able to better survive when they reach the age of seven and moved the barracks. Plutarch explains in source A how boys at the age of seven were put into the care of the state, and how they would grow up constantly grooming physically. When in the education system the boys learnt reading a... ...er in Sparta caused the Spartiates to be constantly prepared for a Helot uprise, as P. Cartledge explains in source F The helots were the Spartans slaves and were inured very poorly, being purposely set apart in image, given no rights, and beaten on several occasions. In fact each cadence new ephors were voted in, the helots would be rounded up and given an annual beating, so as the helots knew their place. However this treatment of the helots simply made the helots hate the Spartans, do the Spartans to be even more prepared to an uprising, bringing the whole dilemma around in a circle. Spartans lived and breathed so that they could be ready for war. Their mixer and political structure shows this by their education of male Spartans, their laws and government procedures and also the necessity to be ready to protect themselves from a potential helot uprise.

Spartan Political and Social System Essay example -- essays research p

Spartan Political and Social SystemsSparta was, above all, a military state, and emphasis on military fitness began at birth, imprinted through society and the political musical arrangement. The education of the Spartan male children prove that the military and war was constantly a huge part of Spartan society, and the laws and systems that Sparta was governed by, only enforced the militaristic attitude into the society of Sparta. That the Spartans needed to be ready for war is proved by the discord between the Spartiate and the helots, who outnumbered and under class-conscious the Spartans. From birth Spartan children were expected to be physically strong and when male children were ten days old they were examined by a council of elders to see if the child had generous potential to be a warrior, or if it should be exposed. The children who were exposed were left to die at Apothetae on the slopes of Mt. Tygetus. The children who passed the examination were left in the portion out of their mothers until they reached the age of seven, at which point they left home to live in the barrack with other males, and were educated and trained in how to be a jolly and strong warrior. While these children were still living at home they were mainly left in the care of a nurse, who taught them the first stage of their life-long education in the military. The nurses taught the children fight their fears as well as general superstition, toughening up the children so they would be able to better survive when they reach the age of seven and locomote the barracks. Plutarch explains in source A how boys at the age of seven were put into the care of the state, and how they would grow up constantly training physically. When in the education system the boys learnt reading a... ...er in Sparta caused the Spartiates to be constantly prepared for a Helot uprise, as P. Cartledge explains in source F The helots were the Spartans slaves and were treated very poorly, being by cho ice set apart in image, given no rights, and beaten on several occasions. In fact each time new ephors were voted in, the helots would be locomote up and given an annual beating, so as the helots knew their place. However this treatment of the helots simply made the helots hate the Spartans, causing the Spartans to be even to a greater extent prepared to an uprising, bringing the whole dilemma around in a circle. Spartans lived and breathed so that they could be ready for war. Their social and political structure shows this by their education of male Spartans, their laws and government procedures and also the necessity to be ready to protect themselves from a potential helot uprise.

Islam world Essay

European countries colonized most of the Islam world in eighteenth and the premiere half of the twentieth century. They were able to manage the finances and economies of these countries which barely catered on their knowledge pertains and in their declare ways. Banks all over the world capture their own system in operating their organization. They set policies to attain their specific objectives and goals. One of these is the Islamic banking. Islamic banking as defined in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia refers to a system of banking or banking activity which is consistent with Islamic law (Sharia) principles and guided by Islamic economics.In Islamic law, it forbids usury, the collection and payment of worry which is unremarkably called as riba in Islamic discourse. In general, the Islamic law forbids trading in financial gamble which is seen as a establish of gambling. It excessively forbids investing in businesses that are considered haram such as businesses which invo lve in alcohol or pork, or businesses which produce un-Islamic media. Numerous of Islamic banking was founded in the late twentieth century to cater to this specific banking market. History of Islamic Banking During the time of Prophet Muhammad, the Muslim communities have limited banking activity such as acceptance of deposits.In those days, the Muslims deposited their money with the Prophet or with the First Khalif of Islam whose name is Abu Bakr Sedique. The first Islamic bank was founded in Egypt which was put into under cover without giving around(prenominal) hint of Islamic image for having the fear of being seen as a manifestation of Islamic fundamentalism. In 1963, at that place was a pioneering effort made by Ahmed El Najjar who took the form of savings bank based on profit-sharing in Egyptian town of Mit Ghamr as an experiment. But the experimentation was ended in 1967 beca habit during those days, on that point were nine banks in the country which had the same system as his.Principles in Islamic Banking Just like other banking systems, Islamic banking follows same purpose get out that it ope pass judgments in accordance with the rules of sharia law which is known as Figh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules on transactions). The sharing of profit and loss and the prohibition of riba which means interest is the basic principle in Islamic banking. There are common Islamic beliefs which are used by the Islamic banking and these are the Mudharabah ( profit sharing) , Wadiah (safekeeping), Musharakah (joint venture), Murabahah ( cost plus) and Ijarah (leasing).Islamic banking uses many approaches in operating the system, if someone would like to loan the buyer money for him to purchase the selected breaker point he chooses, the bank might be the one to buy that item to the seller and re-sell it to him at a profit by allowing him to pay the bank in installments but before his loan will be approved, the bank would wonder him to have his strict collateral fo r banks protection against default. The land or goods which are registered in his name from the start of the transaction are the come-at-able collateral. However, if he has late payment, there will be no additional penalties.This kind of administration is known as Murabaha. Ijara wa Iqtina is another approach use by Islamic banking. It is just similar to real estate leasing. All Islamic banks have the same approaches when it comes to vehicle loans. They sell the vehicle at a higher rate than in the market price to the debtor and have his/her possessorship of the vehicle until the loan is paid. Islamic banks also used several approaches in business deals. They lend money to the some companies by issuing floating rate interest loans. This floating rate of interest is pegged to the companys single(a) rate of return.In other words, the banks profit on the loan has equal ratio to a certain percentage of the companys profit. There will be profit-sharing arrangement if the principal am ount of the loan is repaid. This kind of approach is called Musharaka. Another approach is the Mudaraba. It is a venture capital support which the bank provides financing while a certain entrepreneur provides labor so that both risk and profit are commonly shared. This kind of arrangement reflects the Islamic view that the borrower must not only be the one to bear all the risk or cost of a failure.Islamic banking only finance the Islamic acceptable deals and it doesnt involve in alcohol, pork, gambling and other form of businesses that are against in their beliefs. The only acceptable form of investing is the ethical investing and moral purchasing is encouraged. Recently, there are numerous Islamic banks opened in the Muslim world but they still have a very small share of the global banking system. Concepts in Islamic debt banking *Wadiah (Safekeeping) The bank is entrusted as a keeper and trustee of funds.An individual deposits fund in the bank and the bank will guarantee and assu re refund of the entire amount of the deposit, or any amount of outstanding balance whenever the depositor demands or withdraws it. The depositor whitethorn be rewarded with hibah also called as gift as a way of showing gratitude for the use of funds by the bank. The bank compensates depositors for the time-value of their money an example of this is the interest but refers it as a gift. *Mudharabah (Profit Loss sharing) It is an agreement or arrangement between an entrepreneur and a capital provider which the entrepreneur cornerstone use funds for his/her business activity.The capital provider and the entrepreneur will share the get according to an agreed ratio but if ever there are losses, only the capital provider will bear them. The profit-sharing continues until the loan is repaid. The bank will be compensated for the time value of its money through and through the form of floating interest rate which is pegged to the debtors profits. * Musharakah (Joint Venture) This kind of approach is usually applied for joint ventures and business partnerships. They share same profits according to their agreed ratio and divide incurred losses based on the equity participation ratio.This concept is different from fixed-income investing. *Murabahah (Cost Plus) This concept is referring to the sale of goods at a price, which include a profit margin agreed to by both parties. At the time of sale agreement, the purchase and selling price, the profit margin and other costs must be clearly stated. The bank will be compensated for the time value of its money in the form of the profit money. It is a fixed-income loan for the purchase of a real asset such as real estate or a vehicle having a fixed rate of interest. The bank cannot have an additional interest on late payments.The asset remains in the monomania of the bank unless it is fully paid. This kind of concept is also similar to rent-to-own arrangements for furniture or appliances that are very common in North American stores. * Bai Bithaman Ajil (Deferred Payment Sale) This concept is almost the same with Murabahah but the debtor in this concept makes only a single installment and will pay on the maturity date of the loan. It also refers to the sale of goods on a deferred payment basis at a price including the profit margin agreed to by both parties.*Wakalah (Agency) The concept happens when an individual appoints a representative to do the transactions on his/her behalf which is just similar to a power of attorney. *Qardhul Hassan (Benevolent Loan) Of all form of loans mentioned, only Qardhul Hassan has an excellent effect to the debtors because in this loan, the debtor is only necessitate to repay the principal amount lent. However, the debtor may pay an extra amount (any amount that is in his heart) beyond the principal amount of the loan as a way of gratitude to the creditor.But this transaction is a true interest-free loan because there are debtors who do not give an extra amount to the cre ditor. For some Muslims, they consider this loan as the only type of loan that does not go against with the prohibition on riba which is a type of a loan that does not compensate the creditor for the value of money. *Ijarah Thumma Al Bai (Hire Purchase) In this concept of loan, there are deuce contracts involved. Ijarah contract is into leasing/renting and the other contract is called Bai contact which means to purchase. These two contracts are undertaken one after the other.An example of this is in a car financing facility. A node enters in an Ijarah contract where he/she leases the car from the owner which is the bank at an agreed amount over a particular period of time. When his contract in Ijarah expires, the Bai contract comes into effect which enables the customer to purchase and own the car at an agreed price. With this, the bank sells the car to the customer at an above market-price profit in return for agreeing to receive the payment over a period of time. The profit margi n is equal to the interest earned at fixed rate of return. * Bai al-Inah (Sell and Buy back Agreement)In Bai al-Inah, the financier sells product to the customer on a long-term payment basis and then the financier immediately repurchased the product for cash with a discount. This agreement permits the bank to assume the ownership over the product or asset in order to protect default without charging interest in late payments or insolvency. *Hibah (Gift) The debtor in this concept voluntarily gives a hibah (gift) as a token given to the creditor in return for a loan. This concept is practice when Islamic banks voluntarily pay their customers interest on their savings account balances.* Takaful (Islamic Insurance) This concept is not new for it had been practiced by the Muhajrin of Mecca and the Ansar of Medina following the hijra of the Prophet over 1400 years ago. Takaful is also an alternative form of cover which a Muslim can avail himself the risk of loss due to misfortunes. Nowad ays, in the modern business world, one way to minimize the risk of loss due to unavoidable circumstances is through insurances. The idea behind insurance is the sharing of risk. This concept of insurance does not go against in Shariah concept where resources are accumulated to help those who are in need.

Gender Roles in the Work of John Ford

Jonathan Moeller Final Paper, Theory and History of Cinema 5-? 4-? 12 1 Gender Roles in the employ of John crossbreeding How The Director of Westerns Used Wo custody To Drive a Male Dominated Genre The Western genre has always been a representation of American identity, in that its films reflect societal moods, pop culture, politics, etc. The prototypical Western portrays beautiful open landscapes and heroic, rugged heroes who be set on either control or defending them. These iconic actors such as John Wayne, Roy Stewart, Alan Ladd, and Gary Cooper were made famous through being the centerpiece of Western films and series. These heroes and mages of the great American frontier stand as metaphor for America itself. Yet, as we closely examine this exciting and adventurous genre of film we see that the heros feminine counterparts ar usu all(prenominal)y underdeveloped and ignored. Western films, especially in the early years of the genre, featured women characters who held little importance to the plot and served as comedic or sexual support to the hero. In this essay I will examine how John Ford, as a Western film tell onr, did not follow the formula of the genre. He played with male characters that were not heroic, but were selfish and cold, and even more interestingly, readjusted he gender roles in his western films so that women were no longer elementary characters, but in fact drove the story along and made significant plot-? related decisions. Often women and men were equals in Fords work. I will examine how Ford did this, and contemplate why, as well, in three of his western classics. The films we will be taking a close look at are foregather Apache (1948), The Searchers (1956), and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), all of which feature significant female character contributions. Before diving into the work of Ford and how he gave significance to women in the West, it is important to discuss further he attitudes that Western film, and all of Hollywood in the early 2 years, had towards female characters. accord to Laura Mulvey, a feminist and film theorist who wrote extensively on the subject, Hollywood uses women in only two ways as erotic objects for the characters within the screenland story, and as erotic object for the spectator within the auditorium She similarly connotes something the look continually circles around but disavows her lack of penis, implying a threat of castration and whence unpleasure. (Mulvey, p. 716-? 718) Therefore, women are either sex objects or characters to be feared. According to Mulvey,Hollywood feels female characters shouldnt be complex, shouldnt grow and change, and certainly arent competent to make decisions that change the outcome of the story. every last(predicate) of that should be left to the male heroes. Early Western films followed a strict formula. They featured rugged yet like able heroes from the frontier, and pitted against them was almost always a foreign adversary. H e was either a Native American, or more typically a well-? dressed compo getion from the East coast. (Garfield) Women in these early films played very small roles, most fitting into Mulveys definition of sex object. They also acted as a post symbol, and the an who possessed the leading woman had all the power, something we will examine in more depth later in this essay. In 1948, John Ford began to change the dynamics between these dominant male characters and their passive, sexual counterparts when he made Fort Apache. The film star John Wayne playing captain Kirby York, a prototypical Western hero, who is as rugged as they come as well as a well-? knowledged man of the West stationed at the frontiers Fort Apache. Henry Fonda played opposite of him as Lt Col. Owen Thursday, a prototypical Western villain, because he came from a foreign land with the intent of instilling change.Thirdly, the film starred Shirley Temple as Owens cute, innocent daughter, Philadelphia Thursday. The st ory revolves around Owen 3 Thursdays attempts to control the wild Apache tribes of the area and send them back to their reservation, usually against the advice of York. All of these story and character dynamics are to be expected when examining a Western film, but it is Fords portrayal of women, and in fact the recite of contributing female characters, that make this classic of the genre stand out. According to film critic Howard Movshovitz, John Ford used a subtle semiotic technique to imply his heroes opinions of women n his films. Good women are still only questionable women travel under their testify power, he says. (Movshovitz, p. 71) By this he delegacy that good-? intending women in Fords films are always immobile, and the women whom we are to distrust are those that move around freely. As we begin to examine Fort Apache and its female characters, we must keep this in mind. The first female character we meet is Philadelphia Thursday, and we are introduced to her as she is riding inside of a wagon. According to Movshovitzs theory, this nitty-gritty she is good. I would take it a step further and say that we are being presented an innocent character ere, who I think falls in stock with Mulveys theory. Shirley Temple was a sex symbol, and thats also how Philadelphia Thursday looks to us when we meet her. Immediately, she is fawned at by a group of soldiers and flirts with the young Michael ORourke. We get a very iconic and telling shot from Ford in the introductory tavern fit, in which strike down Thursday and ORourke sit down next to each other and smile, while not looking or speaking to one another. Ford is symbolizing a lot for us here. Obviously he is setting up their future romantic relationship, but he is also foreshadowing for us gender roles of Fort Apache, where both of hese characters are headed. As we are to find out, the women in the fort run the show. They are the ones who take care of the everyday business within the fort, while the m en hold and go off to battle the surrounding Indian tribes, and as I will explain later, the men actually need their women in order to survive. By not allowing 4 ORourke to speak in the aforementioned shot, Ford is suggesting that he needs hightail it Thursday to initiate the conversation for him. He is already dependent on women, and therefore will quickly fit in once he arrives at the fort. Ford is also presenting to us something about Miss Thursday with this shot, owever it is contrast to the character that she eventually becomes. Here, by being quiet, Miss Thursday is conforming to Eastern societal standards and waiting to be courted. Ford is demo us that she is a foreigner and that she is dependent on men, but as soon as she steps foot within the confines of Fort Apache all of this changes. Upon arrival to the fort, ORourke pays a visit to the Thursday residence to drop off his card, and only Miss Thursday is there to receive him. She immediately goes on the offensive and tr ies to persuade him to admit his romantic intentions towards her. ORourke is confused by her forwardness, and eeds her to spell it out for him, a job which actually gets turned over to Kirby York who enters the motion picture about halfway through. Over the course of one night in the fort, Miss Thursday has been transformed into a woman who takes matters into her own hands. Later that day, Miss Thursday decides to fix up her and her fathers house, which proves to be our more solid introduction of another important female character in this film, Mrs. Collingwood. It is Mrs. Collingwood, in fact, who makes all of the arrangements for the Thursdays to have furniture and food and even a servant. That night, when Owen Thursday comes home from work and inds his house fixed up he is very surprised, and passably confused at how it happened. He is openly admitting here that Philadelphia is more capable than he, at least in the matters of the home, because of the fact that she was able to t ake care of a matter he was not. Male characters do not do this in Western films. The entire genre is built around a macho expectation in which the male hero or villain is the all-? mighty, yet here Ford has decided to give power to Miss Thursday and by tie-up Mrs. Collingwood. It is one of the first instances that Ford shows us 5 how important his female characters are. Without them, we are to ssume that the entire fort would have nothing and would therefore collapse. This scene is also significant to note because of what it foreshadows for later in the film. Owen Thursday and Mrs. Collingwood end up being our too most powerful characters, which I will explain, and through this scene Ford is showing us who deserves this power. This scene allows us the room to be skeptical of Owen Thursday, and believe his poor decision making at the end of the film, because we are led to ask how he is capable of running a fort when he cant even run a house hold. This topic of giving Miss Thursda y and Mrs. Collingwood power over men is n contrast to both Mulvey and Movshovitz. These women are in motion, they move about on their own two feet freely and therefore, according to Movshovitz, are questionable. Yet, how can we question them when they are giving such positive contributions to our male heroes? These women are making it possible for the men of the fort to live and defend it. I believe Movshovitz would make the argument that Ford is foreshadowing here, and that the reasons that these women are not to be trusted arrives later in the film. In saying so, he wouldnt be entirely wrong, however, I believe the actions these characters have that can be viewed as

Bechtel and GE

DPC was a Joint venture with General Electric and Enron in India. 2nd slide Bechtel has strong corporate culture, values and ethics and it shows a great discipline in project management. It has a performance-based leadership and its latest performance-based leadership program is called Employee Engagement, which says that if you engage employees effectively in a good relationship with a supervisor, you will create a highly satisfying environment. Employees who are happy and believe they are treated swell by the leaders, they perform well too.One of the ain organizational refinements is the motivation and satisfaction of the employees and as Riley Bechtel has claimed Give Bechtels people a challenge and theyll make history. Finally, Bechtel provides equal opportunities for everyone. However, employees unremarkably complain about the fact that the majority of Jobs are in Asia and Middle East, which makes them relocate every so often. 3rd slide Bechtels Corporation core goal is to s trengthen local economies, helping its customers, wherever their facilities are found, to achieve their objectives.It creates usiness-building opportunities for local firms, employing area workers and professionals, and advancing its customers vision. Also, the company supports local growth, skills training, and supply chain development The companionship supports the protection of the environment and thats why it minimizes its construction footprint lastly, it operates to maximize resource efficiency. 4th slide Lets talk about the Similarities and differences between Bechtel and GE. First, we will discuss the similarities.Both Bechtel and GE are decentralized companies, which ean that the power and the authority to make decisons delegate from head office to lower and local levels Less uniformity, Decisions made in relation to local circumstances. Centralised 1) exert decision making power at the top of the hierarchy, 2) Dont delegate to local or lower levels. Also, Bechtel adopts the Six Sigma approach indeed, it was the first EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) company to depute Six Sigma in 2000.Moreover, both companies want to foster and reinforce the performance of its employees as well as the working nvironment and so, they create projects teams. some other similarity is that the snap off emphasis on the cultural exchange, thus they work with local firms trying to provide them with the required knowledge on construction and engineering. Finally, both companies promote diversity. the exercise of more than 350,000 people in both companies prove that they try to help and occupy local people, giving them the opportunity to produce, create and innovate all these factors loan to one of the Lets see the differences.Bechtel unlike GE alters its policies for local requirements, or example, through performance reviews as well as the employees have significantly influenced the cultural change. Another difference is the size of the company, since G E is much bigger employing more than 305,000 people, tour Bechtel has 53,000 employees. Finally, the last difference concerns the type of projects, since Bechtel adopts projects mainly to reinforce its employees, such as Toward 2001, while GE adopts different approaches to foster its working and corporate environment, such as Work-out and Six Sigma.

In present time Essay

In present time, women realize obtained more freedom to express their thoughtsand more privileges to achieve their goals. Their genial status had a qualitative skip in the United States comp atomic number 18 with the last couple of centuries this subversion will continue lead women to enter a world which their talent and ability foundation be completely recognized. Different from todays value, women who lived in previous centuries do not have the rights to do things the way they prefer. Social morality and family province force them to obey others and renounce independent.This inveterate principle stifled generations of women and their freedom. Both works include The Revolt of Mother and A New England Nun by Mary Wilkins free musical composition showcased that in order for a woman to regain the pleasures in her life, she has to be intrepid and get a lined under certain neighborly pressure. By descripting both characters Louisa and Sarahs detailed inner world such as their cha racteristics and other social aspects such as others judgments, Mary Freeman provided the reader with vivid sense of equality that led the society into deep consideration and introspection of why feminism is necessary. Bothworksservedasimilarpurpose,tospreadtheconceptoffeminism,but with different approaches due to different social status of both characters in The Revolt of Mother and A New England Nun.Mary Freemans Puritan way of living had a extensive impact on how she considers the world differently. In The Revolt of Mother, Mary Freeman portrayed a married woman, Sarah Peen, who has been serving for the 1 Sun family for twoscore years without any complain, had an emotional outburst about the new farm that her husband was building. Her husband, Adoniram, promised Sarah that he would build her a house when they are financially improved. kinda of building her the dream house, he planed to build another farm without informing her. She then decided to move into the new barn to liv e when her husband had at peace(p) out. (Freeman)In Freemans other work, A New England Nun, she depicted Louisa Ellis, a woman who waited for her fiancs returning from Australia for fifteen years, had decided to end the kindred with him after she hears that he has no love to her. (Freeman) This may be an excuse for her to escape from the relationship that will eventually force her to ingratiate others and put her come in needs second. However, Louisa made up her own mind and went the way she preferred. By observing the behaviors of these two characters, it is certain that both of them have their own belief and draw rein of life that is beyond reach. Sarah Peen wants changes in her life, changes that can overturn her current life. As the story begins, Sarah provides service for her family everyday hoping to move into a new house ilk her husband promised her to.(Freeman 666) Moreover, She is a woman with ideas and goals. Freeman writes, There aint no use talkin, Mr. Hersey, say s she. Ive thought it all over an over, an I take Im doin whats right. Ive made it the subject of prayer, an its betwixt me an the Lord an Adoniram. There aint no call for cypher else to worry about it. (670) This is what Sarah replied to the minister when he came to convince Sarah not to disobey her husband. After 2 Sun forty years of waiting, Sarah decides that she is strong enough to take a stand for the change. She is surprisingly independent and rebellious. Her rebellion does not only exist for against her husband, but also for against the social role that she is suppose to play as a submissive wife.Even though she accepts her responsibilities as a wife and a mother, her determination and resistance to the power of tradition was never stifled. As a wife whose husband often ignores, she opposes her husbands male dominance over hers and remains integrity, courage, and privation overall. However, Louisa Ellis from A New England Nun had an opposite life style with Sarah has but the same perception of individualism. LouisaEllis,unlikeSarah,isafraidofchangesandunknowns,butshestill forwards her life regarding what others would think. Her engagement with Joe Dagget is full of uncertain. Freeman did not deliver Louisas remorse of engagement directly. Instead, she implied some expand to inform her readers that Louisa is satisfied with her own life by enlarging her trivial acts such as using china.Freeman writes, Louisa used china everyday something which none of her neighbors did. They mouth about it among themselves. (654) This indicates that Louisa lives her own quiet life and enjoys her own pleasure. All of sudden, Joe Dagget shattered Louisas peace, the peace that only be longs to her. Freeman writes, He remained about an hour longer, then rose to take leave. Going out, he stumbled over a rug, and trying to recover himself, hit Louisas work-basket on the table, and knocked it on the floor. (654) All his acts reminded Louisa that she has to put herself at second after their marriage and 3 Sun renounce her independent. She then realized that she wants to be who she is, not to be a wife of a man who she has less love with. She is mainly descripted as a dainty and methodical woman she pays most of her attention to details and perfections.Therefore, after she overheard that Joe has no love to her either, she cursorily made her decision that she is not going to marry Joe because she desires for remaining alone. (Freeman 661) Even though both Sarah and Louisa have similar lives, they have different characteristics. Both women have comparable lives. Louisa and Sarah both reside at rural area where men do most of the working, and women do most of the housework. (Freeman 654, 662) This is one of the reasons why both characters chose to strain astonishing decisions of their own. Initially, they must identify themselves, and then make decisions regarding tradition that has been persisted for centuries. Both women are also conflicted with men in a relationship that lasted a long period of time. Louisa waited her fianc for fifteen years while Sarah waited forty years to move forward of her life.Eventually, they both have achieved their goals and won the victories. However, in A New England Nun, the social influence is less conscious. There is less portrayal of judgments made by other members in the society. Instead, Freeman inserted implicit approach such as Louisas pet, Caesar, to display how the community would tie her up in a promise of engagement. (Freeman658) Different from Louisa, the community that Sarah lived in for forty years does not allow her to determine her own life. Her husband and son ignore her by not answering her questions the minister 4 Sun came to her house to criticize her inappropriate conduct passel in her community also talks about her rebellion against her husband. Freeman displayed how they treat Sarah like a woman who should not have equal rights and gravitas with a straightforward picture.Co nsequently, the two characters Sarah Peen and Louisa Ellis in both Freemans work The Revolt of Mother and A New England Nun overcame dilemmas effectively. Both stories are relevant to the concept of feminism, which is equal justice between both sexes. The endings are similar Sarah moved to the new barn while Louisa lived her own stilled life. Their encounters influenced and united generations of women to go forward together and break rules and instructions in order to live in freedom. Works Cited Freeman, Mary. A New England Nun. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Gen. ed. Nina Baym. 8th ed. Vol. C. New York Norton, 2013. 653-661. put out Freeman, Mary. The Revolt of Mother. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Gen. ed. Nina Baym. 8th ed. Vol. C. New York Norton, 2013. 662- 672. Print 5